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Bargaining With Uncertainty: Decision-Making in Public Health, Technologial Safety, and Environmental Quality
Merrie G. Klapp
Manufacturer: Auburn House
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ASIN: 0865690464 |
Book Description
In this intriguing volume, Merrie G. Klapp explains how regulatory decisions in such crucial areas as public health, technological safety, and environmental quality are molded and recast. She finds that "scientific uncertainty" is a key factor, with agencies, interest groups, Congress, and the courts attempting to shift responsibility of proof or varying the standard of proof according to the pressures brought to bear on the issue. In general, Professor Klapp finds that when citizens or industrialists organize to protest a regulatory decision and when the legislature or the courts take scientific uncertainty into account, then the initial regulatory decision is changed. By contrast with the United States, where scientific uncertainty is used as a public resource and rationale for change, in France and Britain scientific uncertainty is treated as a private resource. French and British scientists do not treat regulatory decisions as opportunities to reveal scientific uncertainty to the public--instead, discussions of uncertainties are held behind "closed doors" and, when reports are made to the public about regulatory decisions, scientific information is presented as if it were certain. Bargaining with Uncertainty will be a provocative analysis to those scholars and researchers concerned with the making of public policy as well as those concerned with risk assessment in public health, the environment, and technology.
Book Description
* Examines the renewable energy sector and its stakeholders, analyzing the reasons for past failures and the key features of successful policies
* Written in clear terms, this book contains the experience of world leaders in this field
* Including an executive summary, it will be an essential reference for decision-makers, offering a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms
At a time when renewable energy attracts varying degrees of political support and mixed success in policy implementation, clear information on why and how to promote renewable energy markets is much needed, for decision-makers in particular. This book meets that need.
The reason for exploiting renewable energy sources should not be because they are cheap, or because fossil fuels are running out. The crucial reasons are: saving the environment, developing new industries and establishing more secure sources of energy. This book outlines how renewable energies can be promoted at a political level, encouraging the expansion of current markets and the establishment of new industries. Critical pathways are made clear, and key stakeholders are identified and described.
Acknowledging the importance of the media and the interaction between public and private bodies, this book sets out the rules of the game, the stakes and the strategies for success. Contributing authors include: Randy Swisher and Kevin Porter, Rakesh Bakshi, Gordon Edge, Sven Teske and Volker Hoffmann, Jose Luis Garcia and Emelio Menendez.
Book Description
The first protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in Kyoto in 1997 and entered into force in February 2005. It is a unique international law instrument which sets legally binding targets for the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change. The targets are unprecedented in an environmental agreement and will involve substantial financial commitment in virtually all industrialized country parties to the protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is also the first international agreement to include economic instruments which are designed to involve private sector entities and assist parties to meet their targets. These economic instruments, known as the Kyoto or flexible mechanisms, are Joint Implementation (JI), the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and International Emissions Trading. The Kyoto Protocol defined these mechanisms but did not set out the details necessary for their operation. After protracted negotiations, detailed rules were finalized at the Seventh Session of the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties held in Marrakech in 2001. The Marrakech Accords run to almost 250 pages but still leave many important practical issues unaddressed. As the 2008-2012 commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol draws close more and more projects under CDM and JI are being developed to take advantage of the Kyoto mechanisms and the key issues and problems are now becoming more apparent. Drawing on the emerging body of expertise in this complex area, this book conveys a knowledge of what is becoming known as 'Carbon Finance'. It thereby aims to contribute to the development of the market for carbon emission reductions - one of the objectives of the Kyoto mechanisms.
Book Description
The unprecedented expansion in environmental regulation over the past thirty years—at all levels of government—signifies a transformation of our nation's laws that is both palpable and encouraging. Environmental laws now affect almost everything we do, from the cars we drive and the places we live to the air we breathe and the water we drink. But while enormous strides have been made since the 1970s, gaps in the coverage, implementation, and enforcement of the existing laws still leave much work to be done.
In The Making of Environmental Law, Richard J. Lazarus offers a new interpretation of the past three decades of this area of the law, examining the legal, political, cultural, and scientific factors that have shaped—and sometimes hindered—the creation of pollution controls and natural resource management laws. He argues that in the future, environmental law must forge a more nuanced understanding of the uncertainties and trade-offs, as well as the better-organized political opposition that currently dominates the federal government. Lazarus is especially well equipped to tell this story, given his active involvement in many of the most significant moments in the history of environmental law as a litigator for the Justice Department's Environment and Natural Resources Division, an assistant to the Solicitor General, and a member of advisory boards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the World Wildlife Fund, and the Environmental Defense Fund.
Ranging widely in his analysis, Lazarus not only explains why modern environmental law emerged when it did and how it has evolved, but also points to the ambiguities in our current situation. As the field of environmental law "grays" with middle age, Lazarus's discussions of its history, the lessons learned from past legal reforms, and the challenges facing future lawmakers are both timely and invigorating.
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Eu Environmental Law: Challenges, Change And Decision-making (Modern Studies in European Law)
Maria Lee
Manufacturer: Hart Publishing
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
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ASIN: 1841134104 |
Book Description
Environmental problems like global climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion can only be remedied if states cooperate with one another. But sovereign states usually care only about their own interests. So states must somehow restructure the incentives to make cooperation pay. This is what treaties are meant to do. A few treaties, such as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, succeed. Most, however, fail to alter the state behaviour appreciably. This book develops a theory that explains both the successes and the failures. In particular, the book explains when treaties are needed, why some work better than others, and how treaty design can be improved. The best treaties strategically manipulate the incentives states have to exploit the environment, and the theory developed in this book shows how treaties can do this. The theory integrates a number of disciplines, including economics, political science, international law, negotiation analysis, and game theory. It also offers a coherent and consistent approach. The essential assumption is that treaties be self-enforcing-that is, individually rational, collectively rational, and fair. The book applies the theory to a number of environmental problems. It provides information on more than three hundred treaties, and analyses a number of case studies in detail. These include depletion of the ozone layer, whaling, pollution of the Rhine, acid rain, over-fishing, pollution of the oceans, and global climate change. The essential lesson of the book is that treaties should not just tell countries what to do. Treaties must make it in the interests of countries to behave differently. That is, they must restructure the underlying game. Most importantly, they must create incentives for states to participate in a treaty and for parties to comply.
Book Description
Better Environmental Decisions reponds to the need for improved environmental decision making by bringing together leading scholars and practitioners to provide a comprehensive interdisciplinary introduction to the subject. Each chapter describes an important aspect of environmental decision making; identifies key issues, problems, and barriers; and recommends ways to improve both the process and the final result.
Topics examined include:
- Congressional decisions about regulatory reform
- environmental benefit/cost analysis
- valuing environmental impacts
- comparing risks and setting priorities
- strategic environmental management
- corporate accounting for environmental and social factors
- corporate responses to rules and regulations
- community decisions about environmental risks
- civic environmentalism
- community partnerships with industry and government
Throughout, contributors focus on providing tools to make better decisions, and on presenting solutions to real-world problems.
Better Environmental Decisions describes and analyzes the key decision making criteria of each of the stakeholders involved-governments, businesses, and communities-and offers a compendium of techniques necessary for achieving success. It will be a landmark reference and resource for anyone involved with environmental decision making, including legislators, regulators, business and environmental managers, environmental advocates, community activists, reporters, researchers, educators, and students.
Product Description
In addition to pulling together some of the best existing literature from authors such as Ronald Mitchell, Kal Raustiala, Clifford Rechtschaffen, Peter Sand, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Oran Young, and others, Making Law Work features original works by several leading practitioners, including: K. Madhava Sarma, Elizabeth Mrema, Carl Bruch, Romina Picolotti, David Hunter, Annette Killmer, Georges Kremlis, Jan Dusik, Paul Leinster, Jim Gray, Chris Howes, Rosie Clark, Michael Stahl, Lawrence Pratt, and Carolina Mauri.
Customer Reviews:
A Student's Perspective.......2005-11-13
Despite more than 1,000 international legal instruments with at least one significant environmental provision, and environmental law systems in virtually all countries of the world, we are still seeing environmental quality deteriorate, sometimes at a significant rate. Why? Making Law Work: Environmental Compliance & Sustainable Development draws upon the best literature from law, economics, political science, and other disciplines to show that the answer is not always more law, but often more effective law. The book's succinct yet comprehensive approach to domestic and international environmental law and policy makes it a must read for both the environmentally conscious global citizen and the most studied of practitioners and policy makers.
Each Chapter begins with an introduction written by the Editors of Making Law Work, who represent some of the greatest international environmental lawyers and policy makers of our generation. These brief introductions serve to tie together the complex policies and theories examined in the excerpted articles - authored by a collection of the most visionary environmental minds of our day. By providing the reader with the framework within which to understand how the goals of sustainable development and environmental compliance can be achieved, the Editors allow every reader to engage themselves in these great environmental debates.
Making Law Work begins with the widely accepted premise that sustainable development depends upon good governance and that the rule of law is a necessary component. The authors go one step further by arguing that compliance is essential for the rule of law. Pointing out that the role of compliance is often insufficiently appreciated, it calls for strengthening compliance by empowering key actors, including civil society, developing new analytical tools, and building the capacity of both regulators and those they regulate.
The goal is to replace the culture of corruption, empower citizens to participate in governance, and foster the political will needed for reform. Individual chapters highlight the roles and experiences of specific actors and institutions, including Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), regulators, courts, and civil society. In addition, they evaluate various tools and strategies employed by these actors, including inspections, monitoring, sanctions, emissions-trading, public disclosure, and compliance assistance. This discussion concludes with a chapter on how public agencies, with their limited resources, chose between the wide range of tools and strategies available to address an array of environmental problems.
Ultimately, this work's greatest contribution is that it lays the foundation for the emerging field of environmental governance and suggests many important avenues for further research. As the book will likely become the bible for anyone interested in improving the effectiveness of environmental law, this vital and important work is required reading for anyone committed to improving environmental governance and making sustainable development a reality.
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Eco-pragmatism: Making Sensible Environmental Decisions in an Uncertain World
Daniel A. Farber
Manufacturer: University Of Chicago Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
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ASIN: 0226238075 |
Book Description
Eco-pragmatism takes on the most critical controversies in environmental law today: how to weigh economic costs against environmental quality and human life, how to assess the long time horizons of environmental problems, and how to make appropriate decisions in the face of scientific uncertainty about the scope of environmental problems.
"A comprehensive well-argued effort to address many of the most difficult issues facing legislators concerned with environmental issues."—Stephen P. Adamian, Boston Book Review
"A timely and well-argued contribution."—Calestous Juma, Nature
Customer Reviews:
Scholarly and accessible.......2004-07-07
I found Professor Rabkin's book to be quite informative and a fascinating read. The book has a very scholarly tone but it is written so that even a layman can understand the complexities of international law. Rabkin does an excellent job of laying out the differing views of national sovereignty. He makes a compelling case for the value of retaining our independence through increasing globalization. The book is written pre-9/11 and does not reflect on the increasing debate over unilateral action in the war on terror. I would love to see Rabkin update the book to cover that.
Books:
- Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy (Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought)
- Business and Its Environment (5th Edition)
- Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management (with InfoTrac®)
- Case Analysis and Fundamentals of Legal Writing
- Castle: Medieval Days and Knights (A Sabuda & Reinhart Pop-up Book)
- Civil Procedure: Examples and Explanations (The Examples & Explanations Series)
- Constitutional Law: Principles And Policies (Introduction to Law Series)
- Constitutional Law: Principles And Policies (Introduction to Law Series)
- Criminal Procedure (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac )
- Criminological Theories: Introduction and Evaluation
Books Index
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