Plants, Genes, and Agriculture

Book Description

This textbook is intended for introductory courses in agriculture, plant biology, and economic botany. It is about plants, genes, food and people, and about the changing relationship between them. The purpose is to show how agriculture is changing throughout the world, and to discuss the role that genes and genetic engineering are playing in this change.

Customer Reviews:

Makes a Few Bold Admissions.......2005-03-21

This book contains twenty chapters plus a comprehensive index. Each chapter is written by a distinguished individual in his or her field. Each chapter consists of general opening remarks, detailed information about the subject of each chapter, a chapter summary at the end of each chapter, discussion questions and a list of references for further reading. The lead authors have created a text that would serve double duty as either an adequate text for an introductory lower division course on agronomy/plant sciences, or as a supplemental text for an upper division plant biology course which looks at the social and ethical dimensions of biotechnology and genetically modified organisms.

All the contributors share the belief that agricultural biotechnology in its current manifestation is merely an extension of biology in the natural world, and is but one consequence of Watson & Crick's monumental discovery. Chrispeels and Sadava, the two contributors responsible for compiling the text, boldly state that the biggest beneficiaries of the new GM technology will be those living in the developing countries, and as such reflects the standard party line of the pro-ag-biotech groups and organizations.

All inherent biases aside, the book is highly notable because of several bold admissions made throughout the text. First, the authors readily admit that agricultural biotechnology has no defensible place or justification in a world currently awash in plentiful food, but at the same time, they do believe that biotechnology will play an important role in tomorrow's world agriculture. Second, the also readily concede that distribution of food, and not its production, is the main culprit for hunger, but other issues do play an important role. Related to this is their admission that the ability to pay for food matters more than the supply of food itself; if people can pay for it, they will get it (here their words on the subject echo many of the thoughts put forth by Amartya Sen, and before him, Susan George). Third, they admit that most scientists working in the field of population and demography in the late 1960s and early 1970s made flat out wrong predictions about the infamous 'population bomb', and that predictions made today many not come to pass tomorrow- they are just guesses about the future. Here they appear to be backing away from the incendiary rhetoric of environmental luminaries such as Paul Ehrlich and Lester Brown. Fourth, and quite possibly the boldest admission of the text, was their concession that agricultural biotechnology has been oversold. Apparently, they saw fit to stop short of saying that ag-biotech has been and continues to be hyped into the stratosphere, but their very admission alone is satisfactory, as they later lay most of the blame for today's hysteria and urban myths surrounding ag-biotech and GM technologies upon the overselling of the technologies, where it justifiably belongs.

Indeed, the authors' concern for the overselling of the promise and potential of biotechnology is readily apparent in the final chapter of the book, where they address the myths and realities of agricultural biotechnology. However, even the authors can not resist the temptation to sell the reader on the potential benefits of an agricultural biotechnology, and the book includes chapters on integrated pest management incorporating the scientific advances of ag-biotech (Chapter 16), weed control strategies using biotechnology (Chapter 17), GM technology as a tool for promoting green agriculture (Chapter 18), and the use of plants as biological factories (Chapter 19).

Generally speaking, Chapters 1 through 5 lay down the rationale for incorporation of ag-biotech in food production, and chapters 6 through 15 explain the how to, the ins and outs of the technology and how genetic modification of crops is achieved. Also, chapters 6 through 15 cover all the standard topics one would find in a regular course on agronomy, crop science and plant biology, from plant cell and molecular biology, plant growth and development, seeds and seed technology, the ins and outs of photosynthesis and the physical, biological and environmental factors associated with it, soils and root zone systems, nitrogen cycling, to the historical basis for crop breeding (with some paleo-anthropological perspectives) and the gradual leap from breeding via classical techniques to modern, biotech based methods. Chapter 15 also looks at crop disease and its management from a molecular genetic standpoint, and strikes me as a means to include students in plant pathology.

Additionally, the authors paid considerable attention to the problems and challenges of agriculture in Third World countries, in an attempt to demonstrate the veracity of their belief that GM technology can do much to assist the inhabitants there. However, in the process, they belatedly demonstrate that these technologies have been developed to address symptoms of more complex and fundamental problems having an economic, environmental and/or socio-historical basis. Yet, the authors must be credited for admitting that the real need in developing countries is for more research support to address their specific physical and environmental conditions, and for demonstrating that in every single instance where consumer incomes rise and the socio-economic status of women advances, there is an inevitable decrease in birth rates, hunger and malnutrition.

Thus, the contributors freely admit that their research and scientific activities chase phantom problems and non-problems. They also admit, albeit obliquely, that ag-biotech in its current manifestation does not address the needs or the fundamental problems faced in the developing or the developed world. In fact, on the one hand, researchers have occupied themselves with testing the limits of GM technology, seeing what they can do, and exploring different directions, while on the other hand, government institutions and corporations have directed their efforts at technological developments for which they have proprietary control, and increasingly, total control over distribution and other supporting activities. Alas, the authors have chosen, perhaps unwisely, to offer any comments on this state of affairs, and what it may mean for everyone.

In sum, this book makes quite a few bold admissions, some directly, but most indirectly, and as such, is a necessary read for those interested in the topics of ag-biotech, genetic modification technologies, food production and safety, and crop science in general. It is definitely a good and comprehensive book, containing a level of honesty highly uncommon among textbooks on the subject(albeit couched among questionable pitches about potential benefits of ag-biotech), and its sources for further reading are indispensable. I highly recommend the text to anyone looking to place this contentious scientific topic within a social and ethical context.

Biotechnology of Food Crops in Developing Countries (Plant Gene Research)

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Biotechnology of Food Crops in Developing Countries (Plant Gene Research)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 3211832408

Book Description

Tropical crops such as cowpea, yam, plantain, and cassava are heavily underresearched but, in addition to rice, maize, wheat, and potato, are important as primary or secondary food staples in the developing countries. The modern tools of molecular and cellular technology offer the opportunity not only to make substantial gains in knowledge of these crops, but also they overcome some of the obstacles which presently restrain both the genetic improvement and the productivity of these crops in tropical farming systems. Increased nutritional value of these crops, reduced post-harvest perishability, and lower costs of production are some of the advantages taken from biotechnology. Engineered genetic resistance would also allow to drastically reduce employment of pesticides, which at present are expensive or unavailable for farmers in developing countries and may create environmental and health hazards. In this book experts present opportunities to improve the efficiency of plant breeding programs also taking into account the ethical and sociopolitical aspects of these technologies.

Cereals and Millets (Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants)

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Cereals and Millets (Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

Biochemistry | Biological Sciences | Science | Subjects | Books

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Product Description

Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants presents the current status of the elucidation and improvement of plant genomes of economic interest. The focus is on genetic and physical mapping, positioning, cloning, monitoring of desirable genes by molecular breeding and the most recent advances in genomics. The series comprises seven volumes: Cereals and Millets; Oilseeds; Pulse, Sugar and Tuber Crops; Fruits and Nuts; Vegetables; Technical Crops; and Forest Trees.

Cereals and millets form the leading group of field crops, providing staple food for most of the earths population. This volume, with contributions by 27 eminent scientists, includes chapters on rice, wheat, maize, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet and finger millet. The emphasis is on advanced research on the major crops, including the model plants maize and rice, as well as on future road maps of genomic research for the less-often considered but equally deserving cereals and millets.

Core Collections of Plant Genetic Resources

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Core Collections of Plant Genetic Resources

Manufacturer: John Wiley & Sons Ltd (Import)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Book Description

The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), the legal successor to the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), is an autonomous international scientific organization operating under the aegis of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRI's mandate is to advance the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRI works in partnership with other organizations, undertaking research, training and the provision of scientific and technical advice and information, and has a particularly strong programme link with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Financial support for the coré programme of IPGRI was provided in 1994 by the World Bank and the Governments of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA.

Fruits and Nuts (Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants)

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Fruits and Nuts (Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants)

Manufacturer: Springer
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Binding: Hardcover

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Product Description

Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants presents the current status of the elucidation and improvement of plant genomes of economic interest. The focus is on genetic and physical mapping, positioning, cloning, monitoring of desirable genes by molecular breeding and the most recent advances in genomics. The series comprises seven volumes: Cereals and Millets; Oilseeds; Pulses, Sugar and Tuber Crops; Fruits and Nuts; Vegetables; Technical Crops; and Forest Trees.

Fruits and Nuts form the largest group among crop plants. Several constraints such as long life cycle, heterozygosity and large plant size caused comparatively slow research progress in the past. The chapters on 20 fruit and nut crops authored by 56 renowned scientists from 12 countries include for the first time comprehensive reviews on mango, banana, olive, pineapple, pistachio, persimmon and papaya. Other crops covered are apple, grape, cherry, plum, peach, pear, apricot, strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, almond, citrus and avocado.

Genes for Africa: Genetically Modified Crops in the Developing World

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Genes for Africa: Genetically Modified Crops in the Developing World
Jennifer A. Thomson
Manufacturer: Juta Academic
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Binding: Paperback

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Book Description

Separating fact from fiction, this book explains why and how genetically modified (GM) crops can help combat poverty, starvation, and disease in the developing world in a safe and responsible way. Explained are the differences and similarities between genetic modification, conventional plant breeding, and natural processes such as crosspollination and mutations. Controversial issues such as patents, labeling, regulations and controls, and food safety for GM crops and organically grown food are addressed. Additional information on horizontal gene transfer and testing for allergens is also provided.

Molecular Approaches to Crop Improvement (Plant Gene Research)

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Molecular Approaches to Crop Improvement (Plant Gene Research)
E. S. Dennis
Manufacturer: Springer
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Binding: Hardcover

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Book Description

The book reviews recent advances in the application of molecular biology techniques to crop improvement. A range of agricultural and horticultural problems are approached including the genetic engineering of insect resistance, herbicide resistance and suppression of gene expression using anti-sense RNA. The book considers major advances in cereal transformation, particularly rice, and documents some of the uses of molecular biology in potato and other crop improvement. The molecular biology of seed protein genes and self-incompat- ibility genes are examined and the potential benefits of this data in the engineering of protein quality or male sterility, respectively, are considered. Recent developments in the molecular biology and control of flower colour and pigmentation are also presented. The book focusses on crop plants and applications of biotechnology and shows where the potential for crop improvement lies. This combination of material has not been gathered together before and will update biotechnologists and plant breeders alike.

Oilseeds (Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants)

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Oilseeds (Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants)

Manufacturer: Springer
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Binding: Hardcover

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Product Description

Oilseeds is devoted to oil-producing field crops such as soybeans, oilseed rape, peanuts, sunflowers, Indian mustard, Brassica rapa, black mustard and flax. While the grouping of economic plants is conventionally based on their agricultural purposes, several crops covered in this volume have other uses besides yielding oils. Brassica rapa is also used as a vegetable, the sunflower as an ornamental, and flax as a fibre crop. Black mustard, which is used as a condiment but is genetically close to other Brassica species, is also included here.

People, Plants and Genes: The Story of Crops and Humanity

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People, Plants and Genes: The Story of Crops and Humanity
Denis J Murphy
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0199207135

Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary overview of human-plant interactions and their social consequences from the hunter-gatherers of the Palaeolithic Era to the 21st century molecular manipulation of crops. It links the latest advances in molecular genetics, climate research and archaeology to give a new perspective on the evolution of agriculture and complex human societies across the world. Even today, our technologically advanced societies still rely on plants for basic food needs, not to mention clothing, shelter, medicines and tools. This special relationship has tied together people and their chosen plants in mutual dependence for well over 50,000 years. Yet despite these millennia of intimate contact, people have only domesticated and cultivated a few dozen of the tens of thousands of potentially available edible plants. This limited domestication process led directly to the evolution of the complex urban-based societies that have dominated much of human development over the past ten millennia. Thanks to the latest genomic studies, we can now begin to explain how, when, and where some of the most important crops came to be domesticated, and the crucial roles of plant genetics, climatic change and social organisation in these processes. Indeed, it was their unique genetic organisations that ultimately determined which plants eventually became crops, rather than any conscious decisions by their human cultivators. The book is aimed at a wide audience ranging from plant specialists such as geneticists, molecular biologists and agronomists to a more general readership of archaeologists, anthropologists, historians and others who wish to explore the complex processes that have shaped the often crucial relationships between plants and human societies over the past hundred millennia.

Plant Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology)

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Plant Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology)
Heddwyn Jones
Manufacturer: Humana Press
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Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 089603321X

Book Description

In Plant Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols, leading experts present the latest step-by-step recipes for introducing genes into model and agricultural plants and for studying gene activity using reporter enzyme assays, RNA techniques, and immunological methods. The book contains not only a complete collection of "mainstream" methods, but also methods for studying gene expression and genetic manipulation in chloroplasts and mitochondria. There are also methods for introducing and analyzing plant genes in Xenopus and heterologous yeast hosts.

Plant Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols is an indispensable tool for scientists working in both fundamental (biochemical, physiological, and genetic) and applied aspects of plant biotechnology, plant breeding, agriculture, and horticulture. It provides concise practical help that produces the desired results even for beginners and opens the doors to new research possibilities.

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