History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)

Book Description

Recorded history is a finely-woven magic fabric of intricate lies about events predating the sixteenth century. There is not a single piece of evidence that can be reliably and independently traced back earlier than the eleventh century. This book details events that are substantiated by hard facts and logic, and validated by new astronomical research and statistical analysis of ancient sources.

Customer Reviews:

Calculations are only as good as your numbers.......2007-08-03

Yes, we can all agree that mainstream history is nearly 100% BS due to politics, economics, ego, problems with dating techniques, and various conspiracies. Agreed. But, I've been researching the distinct possibility that human history (in terms of civilizations) are much more ancient than we've been told, so coming across this book was very interesting to me. I wondered how Fomenko could be wrong (if at all) because he is very persuasive in his presentations. Then it dawned on me. If at previous times in prehistory, due to the various catastrophies that are well documented (comets, asteroids, planetary disruptions, plasma discharge, pole reversals, etc) the Earth was in a different position in relation to the sun, different tilt on its axis, different orbit, different rotation (in terms of velocity and DIRECTION), and the continents were in different positions, then would this not cause the ancients to see the sky (constellations) differently? In other words, is Fomenko making erronious assumptions about the physics of the Earth in pre-history, which then corrupt his data with regards to dating the relevant astrology? The last event to seriously disrupt our planet occured roughly 3500 years ago, according to other good researchers, so is it possible Fomenko has been confused by this? The vastly different physics of our planet in the not so distant past may explain this confusion, which is not to say the "mainstream" version of history is correct; on the contrary. I am not an expert in these fields, but wanted to see if this idea could spark discussion.

Pants on fire?.......2007-07-19

Will people ever read before spamming? Yes, Jesuits could not rewrite world history alone, they had help. Anyway, Dr Prof Acad A.Fomenko does not point to jesuits as the driving force of world wide history manipulation in published volumes 1,2,3;, actually he barely mentions the poor devils. Check it with 'Search inside' feature, please. China is rarely mentioned either, in fact, Dr Fomenko is completely eurocentric. Right, his theory contradicts all mainstream schools of history, because in their actual state they are all built on blatantly erroneus chronology. You don't need a mysterious cabal (conspiracy) to falsify history, the falsification is its modus operandi. It is inherent to history(ians) to falsify (distort) events, as it is inherent to humans to boast as it is inherent to power (authority) to legimize itself by referrring to glorious past made to its own order. Dr Prof Fomenko and team have identified scores of instances of such manipulation in Russian, European, etc.. history, and delivered valid statistical proof thereof. His own 'reconstruction' is completely another story. Forget c14 as a valid method of dating. W.Libby has initially discovered a brilliant method of INDEPENDENT dating. Too bad, c14 method has become a joke after a forced marrige with dendrochronology with consensual chronological scale inbuilt. Radiocarbon method can't stand blind tests, but is so very productive as a rubberstamp.

Accepted History & Chronology Must Be Changed. .......2007-04-09

There is no doubt that history as most know it is a sham, & institution's version of History both University & Church is fradulent & inaccurate. Everything was established with an agenda, The real "Dark Ages" are now when we have access to incredible amounts of information past authorities & more important 'common folk' didn't have but our institutions & educators are slow to evolve because of what has ignorantly & arrogantly been taught for too long. This is on many subjects not just Chronology.

For anyone to question "Why would a Mathematician have anything credible to say of History?" The answer is from Dr. Fomenko's preface in the book: "It would be worthwhile to remind the reader that in the XVI-XVII century Chronology was considered to be a subdivision of Mathematics." These volumes could possibly be some of the most important works to date & should be read by everyone with an interest in History, especially professors & educators who have a duty to the public. I have read both books & must say that 'Chronology 1' has some very eye opening & revolutionary information. Even if these volumes are part true the implications are profound & opens the doors to further investigations & questions which must be done. I speak several different lanquages & must say the logic Dr. Fomenko uses with "inflection" of words & words being read from left to right in one region & right to left in another then written backwards, the removal of vowels & get down to basics of words, or different cities & locations having the same name etc. is correct. Vowel usage has always been optional & varied, actually complicating linquistics & study. The first thing one has to understand is that words never had a fixed spelling in history like we do now, the spelling of words was mutable & regional, as well as names & titles of people were vast, varied & changed, NOTHING WAS FIXED or understood linear. Matters of Life & Death as well as financial profiteering yesterday & today were & are made with ignorant, illogical & conspiratorial views of history & reality, it's time people get closer to the Truth & society collectively grow up.

Very Interesting.......2007-03-07

It is a good proposal and I believe it will mature into something even better in the future. I think it deserves to be read.

History as Science Fiction.......2007-01-10

Anatoly Fomenko has written a very intriguing book, full of pictures, charts, and computer 'proof' of his thesis: backwards of AD900 we don't really know what happened or when. Between AD900 and AD1600 there is more certainty, but there is still a lot of fuzzy ground, and things don't get reliable until we get past the 1600's where the printing press made it very difficult for the perpetrators of this timeline manipulation to change anything that had been committed to print. The Dark Ages did not happen. Books were burned for a reason. One organization has doubled the actual length of its existence by expanding the real chronology. Read why.

I had always wondered why Christ died about AD33 and yet men waited until the 11th century to form the Knights Templar, the Cathars, etc and go after the Holy Land by force. Why the 1000 year gap? Turns out there wasn't more than a 10-12 year gap and he proves it using astronomy. This also implies that the planet is not as old as we have been told, and current Christian and other creationist scientists are already championing that idea without being aware of Fomenko's book. The two groups, creationist scientists and the Russian mathematical analysts corroborate each other. Fascinating.

Of course, all this flies in the face of what we have been told traditionally is the 'proper' chronology of western civilization, and most readers will experience 'cognitive dissonance' in reading this book. It means that our history going backwards from AD1600 becomes progressively more incorrect and unreliable until it cannot be trusted at all... in the space of 700-800 years.

Naturally, the curious, open-minded reader will want to know WHO did this, WHY, and did any of the events we think of as really ancient ever happen?
Dr. Fomenko is a respected scientist/mathematician at Moscow State University who has already answered these questions to the satisfaction of his initially skeptical colleagues. Most of them are now believers, a few still refuse to believe (the usual diehards), and of course the western press has ignored Fomenko's work -- for obvious reasons when you read the book. The ones who perpetrated this chronology ruse have a lot to answer for. They are still with us. That's why this book is a well-kept secret.

I gave the book a 4-star rating because I was unable to check out some of his claims; those I checked were as he said. But if even 1/3 of his claims are true, this punches a big hole in what we think is our history, the meaning of western civilization, our educational process (for repeating the ruse as gospel), and the trustworthiness of the organization that perpetrated this ruse, well-intentioned or not.

This book relates to current research into a Young Earth paradigm, to John Keel's discoveries about our planet, and Fr Malachi Martin's insights (in his now out-of-print books). We are indeed sheep who are manipulated and kept ignorant -- for a reason. While knowing what these men have to say may be the "booby prize" (as in: 'what can you do with this knowledge?'), it will provide interesting reading. Didn't someone say: "...and the Truth will set you free."?? For you to judge if this book contains the truth.

The Chemist's Companion: A Handbook of Practical Data, Techniques, and References

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a great resource for a laboratory scientist

The Chemist's Companion: A Handbook of Practical Data, Techniques, and References
Arnold J. Gordon , and Richard A. Ford
Manufacturer: Wiley
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0471315907

Book Description

Here in one source is a wide variety of practical, everyday information often required by chemists but seldom found together, if at all, in the standard handbooks, data collections, manuals, and other usual sources. Discussing physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of substances and systems, the authors answer such questions as:

How do I test for and destroy peroxides in different solvents and what is the best way to purify such solvents?
What are the structure, physical properties, and recent references to the use of common-name solvents and solvent aids such as the "Skellysolves," "Cellosolves," "Crownanes," and "Glymes"?
What is the utility of a particular molecular sieve, or permeation gel, or epoxy cement, or liquid crystal, and where do I buy them and find references to their application?

The book is divided into nine chapters and covers properties of atoms and molecules, spectroscopy, photochemistry, chromatography, kinetics and thermodynamics, various experimental techniques, and mathematical and numerical information, including the definitions, values, and usage rules of the newly adopted International System of Units (SI Units). A section on statistical treatment of data which provides an actual least-squares computer program is also included. In the spectroscopy chapter, very extensive and up-to-date collections of spectral correlation data are presented for ir, uv-vis, optical rotation, nmr, and mass spectra, along with data on esr and nqr spectroscopy. Also included is a variety of hard-to-classify but frequently sought information, such as names and addresses of microanalysis companies and chemistry publishers, descriptions and commercial sources of atomic and molecular models, and safety data for hazardous chemicals. More than 500 key references are also included, most of which are recent. There are important hints and definitions associated with the art as well as the state of the art for the appropriate subjects. Also found throughout the book are about 250 suppliers and directions for obtaining special booklets or other material.

Containing a wealth of useful information, The Chemist's Companion will be an indispensable guide for students and professional chemists in nearly all the chemical disciplines. In addition, it will provide for the teacher and student an unusual adjunct for use in a broad cross-section of chemistry courses.

Customer Reviews:

a great resource for a laboratory scientist.......1998-08-06

"The Chemist Companion" is a must for the laboratory scientist. It is an invaluable resource for everyday questions like recipes for solvent mixtures, cooling baths, cleaning baths, etc. The index is straightforward and easy to use. Much of the information is in easy-to-read tables. Information is referenced and clearly written. A valuable resource!

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Electrochemistry for Chemists
Donald T. Sawyer , Andrzej Sobkowiak , and Julian L. Roberts
Manufacturer: Wiley-Interscience
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0471594687

Book Description

A complete and practical guide to the basic principles of electrochemistry for the nonspecialist

Emphasizing practical applications and real-world experimentation, Electrochemistry for Chemists gives chemists, biologists, and material scientists a solid understanding of the basic principles and modern methodology of electrochemistry. Incorporating the many new applications of recent years, this thoroughly updated Second Edition gives the nonelectrochemist access to a powerful tool for the study and measurement of chemical systems. And, like the popular first edition, the Second Edition is also a useful text for senior undergraduate and graduate students, especially in organic, inorganic, and biological chemistry.
* Offers a practical guide to the use of electrochemical methods in research and laboratory work
* Provides examples of molecular characterization by electrochemical methods in all subdivisions of chemistry, including dioxygen species, base metals, and nonmetals
* Includes numerous tables of electrochemical data, as well as physical parameters for solvents, electrolytes, cells, and electrodes
* Incorporates the latest information on instrumentation, solvents, and reagents
* Lists extensive references for further study of theoretical issues

Excel for Chemists: A Comprehensive Guide (2nd Edition)

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Book is general guide to Excel for science & engineering.
Excel for Biomedical Researchers
Excellent for Chemist with Basic Knowledge of Spreadsheets

Excel for Chemists: A Comprehensive Guide (2nd Edition)
E. Joseph Billo
Manufacturer: Wiley-VCH
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Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0471394629

Book Description

Reviews from the First Edition:

"Excel ^® for Chemists should be part of any academic library offering courses and programs in chemistry. There is no other book on the market that deals so thoroughly with the application of Excel for analyzing chemical data. Highly recommended, for upper-division undergraduates through professionals."
-Choice

"I highly recommend this book; treat yourself to it; assign it to a class; give it as a gift."
-The Nucleus

Chemists across all subdisciplines use Excel to record data in tabular form, but few have learned to take full advantage of the scientific calculating power within this program. Excel is capable of helping chemists process, analyze, and present scientific data, from the relatively simple to the highly complex. Excel ^® for Chemists, Second Edition has been revised and updated, not only to take into account the changes that were made in Excel, but also to incorporate an abundance of new examples.

Arranged in a user-friendly format, this book contains illustrations and examples of chemical applications, useful "How to" boxes outlining how to accomplish complex tasks in Excel, and step-by-step instructions for programming Excel to automate repetitive data-processing tasks. In addition, tips are provided to speed, simplify, and improve your use of Excel. Included is a CD-ROM, usable in either Macintosh or IBM/Windows environments with many helpful spreadsheet templates, macros, and other tools.

Entirely new chapters contained in this Second Edition feature:

Array formulas covered in depth in a separate chapter, along with a comprehensive review of using arrays in VBA
How to create a worksheet with controls, such as option buttons, check boxes, or a list box
An extensive list of shortcut keys-over 250 for Macintosh or PC-is provided in the appendix

Whether as a text for students or as a reference for chemical professionals in industry, academia, or government, Excel ^® for Chemists, Second Edition provides a valuable resource for using Excel to manage various chemical calculations.

Customer Reviews:

Book is general guide to Excel for science & engineering........2005-12-03

This book is really just what I needed to break the manual data-parsing habit! The examples are mostly from the realm of chemistry, but they're generally applicable to lab, field, and even scholastic or administrative applications. Mr. Billo has plenty of experience and has been generous in sharing it. As a bench tech who came to Excel without any prior education in the use of spreadsheet applications for comparative analyses, I highly recommend this book.

P.S. Excel is a powerful application for getting a good hard look at your data, but it's no substitute for real statistical software or programming languages. There are other good spreadsheets available; nevertheless, Excel is probably on your computer and if you're using Excel in the lab, this book's for you!

Excel for Biomedical Researchers.......2003-04-09

I have bought several books on using Excel for scientists, engineers, etc. However, of the six I have bought, this one by Billo is the most helpful.

If you already know the basics about spreadsheets, then this book is packed with pearls that enhance your productivity and get you powerful results. It will take me years to exhaust the potential.

The CD ROM with the book is very good as well, with examples for the more complex subjects.

I use this reference to evaluate complicated data with multiple interactions on animal and human data in biomedical research. I do research in PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging.

While this book is no substitute for a professional biostatistician, the book has helped me to not only follow the progress and interrelationships of the data but also to more clearly communicate my needs to a professional biostatistics firm. This also saves me money since it saves the biostatisticians time. I also think it improves results.

I highly recommend this book.

Excellent for Chemist with Basic Knowledge of Spreadsheets.......2001-05-24

Unlike some books, this book is not just a paraphrase of Excel's help file. The book is written for the professional chemist. It uses examples from chemistry to show how Excel can easily handle many graphing and data analysis problems. The reader should have a basic knowledge of spreadsheets. If you haven't used spreadsheets before, this book will be overwhelming.

The first chapter is an introduction to Excel. Even the experienced user will find something new here. My favorite was learning that a shortcut menu listing all sheets in a workbook is available by right-clicking on any of the sheet tab scroll buttons.

The second chapter (10 pages) explains how to make basic graphs in Excel. Many people have Excel, but are unaware of how easy it is to make graphs with Excel. Chapter 5 shows how to construct advanced charts with, for example, multiple axis, error bars, and smoothed lines.

Chapter 3 starts to get into the power user stuff, such as making formulas more understandable by using named ranges. I had quit using names because they apply to every sheet in a workbook; this chapter shows how to make the name apply to just one sheet. The chapter also does a very good job of showing how to construct huge formulas ("megaformulas").

Chapter 4 explains how to use array formulas. This chapter is valuable because Excel's help file doesn't provide much information on using arrays. Arrays make for much cleaner-looking spreadsheets.

Chapter 6 shows how to use Excel's database features to keep track of, for example, a chemical inventory list. Since I don't use these features very often, it is nice to have them described where I can use them when I need them. The same can be said about appendix E, "Shortcut Keys for the PC and Macintosh".

Chapter 7 describes how to import data into a spreadsheet. If you have more data than you want, this chapter shows how to extract every, say, 10th data point.

Chapter 8 shows how option buttons, check boxes, list boxes, etc. can simplify use of a spreadsheet. For example, I needed to enter a number and convert it to pH, pOH, Ka, or Kb, depending on what was entered. Using the info in this chapter, I now just click on an option button, and the sheet does the appropriate conversions.

Chapters 9-12 are about spreadsheet mathematics. Goal Seek, linear regression and Solver are covered. What really makes this material useful is that it tells how to do a statistical analysis of the results, even for non-linear regression.

Chapters 13-19 illustrate how to use Visual Basic for Application (VBA), the programming language built into Excel. The code examples are clearly the work of an amateur programmer. "Option Explicit" is omitted, only arrays are dimensioned, the standard method of indenting to improve readability is not used, and-horrors-the author uses GoTo statements. Nonetheless, these chapters do show the basics of programming with VBA. The CD includes many code examples, including a neat program for formatting chemical equations. For example, it will subscript the 2 in H2O.

Chapters 20-23 are more applications. I especially liked learning how to deconvolute a spectrum with Excel.

Customer Reviews:

Excellent book with plenty of typos.......1998-06-26

I learned a lot from this book. But the 2nd edition has a lot of typos the 1st edition doesn't have. The companion answerbook that lists answers to the questions in Physical Methods is a rip-off.

Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists, and Conservators

Average customer rating:

Okay, but could be better

Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists, and Conservators
Nicholas Petraco , and Thomas Kubic
Manufacturer: CRC
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0849312450

Book Description

Although methods and techniques that will help solve various analytical problems do exist, they are often difficult to perform. Using polarized light microscopy as the method of choice, Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists, and Conservators offers swift, simple, yet irrefutable analytical tests and testing procedures that can be used to identify organic and inorganic particles. Seasoned forensic microscopists Nicholas Petraco and Thomas Kubic have lent their expertise as consultants to forensic scientists, analytical chemists, art historians, pathologists, customs agents, detectives, gemologists, numismatists, and art conservators. Now they share their extensive photomicrograph collection of minute specimens along with clear, concise, and simple methods to help solve your analytical problems.

Customer Reviews:

Okay, but could be better.......2004-07-04

This "atlas and manual" is okay, but could be better.

The many images entice the reader/viewer. However,
the detractions are numerous. For instance, there
is an over abundant usage of acronyms. Secondly, many
chapters are too few pages and followed by splattering
of references. This reader believes the authors are
displaying their bookshelf in the reference sections.
Thirdly, there are many redundant images and charts.
Fourthly, many of the schematics are unprofessional

Book Description

This is an introduction to statistical mechanics, intended to be used either in an undergraduate physical chemistry course or by beginning graduate students with little undergraduate background in the subject. It assumes familiarity with thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, the kinetic theory of gases, quantum mechanics and spectroscopy, at the level at which these subjects are normally treated in undergraduate physical chemistry. Highly illustrated with numerous exercises and worked solutions, it provides a concise, up-to-date treatise of statistical mechanics and is ideally suited to use in one semester courses.

Download Description

Statistical mechanics is the theoretical apparatus used to study the properties of macroscopic systems - systems made up of many atoms or molecules - and relates those properties to the system's microscopic constitution. This book is an introduction to statistical mechanics, intended to be used either by advanced undergraduates or by beginning graduate students. The first chapter deals with statistical thermodynamics and aims to quickly derive the most commonly used formulas in the subject. The remainder of the book then illustrates the application of these formulas in traditional areas such as the ideal gas and less traditional areas such as the quantum ideal gas. Highly illustrated with numerous exercises and worked solutions, it provides a concise, up-to-date treatise of statistical mechanics ideal for use on an 8-12 lecture course.

Customer Reviews:

Excellent Introduction.......2006-09-01

While looking for a suitable textbook for a one-semester course on Statistical Mechanics, I found this little gem by Prof. Widom, a recognized authority in the field. It was a pleasure to read, clear, all the classical topics well explained, very understandable.
Several excellent textbook on the subject are available, but none conveys so much in so little space (THE SPACE you have available in an undergraduate lecture course), yet with no compromise on rigour or clarity. At the beginning, I was a little uneasy by the choice of skipping a discussion of the (difficult) foundations, jumping directly to the Boltzmann distribution as a starting point. Now I totally agree with it, it is the best for a first introduction, and if time is left (rarely) one can profitably add a discussion on fundations at the end of the course.

Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry (Chemists and Chemistry)

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Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry (Chemists and Chemistry)
Carsten Reinhardt , and Anthony S. Travis
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0792366026

Book Description

Heinrich Caro (1834--1910) was the inventor of new chemical processes that in the two decades commencing in 1869 enabled BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany, to take first place among manufacturers of synthetic dyestuffs. The cornerstones of Caro's success were his early training as calico (cotton) printer in Germany, and his employment at a chemical firm in Manchester, England. Caro was a creative research chemist, a highly knowledgeable patent specialist and expert witness, and a brilliant manager of science-based chemical technology. This first full-length scientific biography of Heinrich Caro delineates his role in the emergence of the industrial research laboratory, the forging of links between academic and industrial chemistry, and the development of modern patent law. Major chemical topics include the rise of classical organic chemistry, collaboration with Adolf Baeyer, artificial alizarin and indigo, aniline dyes, and other coal-tar products, particularly intermediates.

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Statistical Mechanics for Chemists
Jerry Goodisman
Manufacturer: Wiley-Interscience
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0471168122

Book Description

With an emphasis on finding solutions to common problems in chemistry, topics covered include: The Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution for molecules in a gas, partition functions, and calculation of thermodynamic properties; ensembles (including the grand canonical ensemble), independent particles, and thermodynamic properties of atoms and molecules; and practical introductions to quantum statistical mechanics and classical statistical mechanics. Also covered are applications to electrons in metals and semiconductors; bosons and fermions; imperfect gases; transport properties; dipole moments in electric and magnetic fields; distribution functions and correlation functions in fluids; and time-dependent techniques for handling both simple and modern dynamical problems--the Liouville equation, time-correlation functions, and the Langevin equation.

Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery: A Guide for Medicinal Chemists and Pharmacologists (Methods of Biochemical Analysis)

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Enzyme Kinetics
Drug developers need this book

Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery: A Guide for Medicinal Chemists and Pharmacologists (Methods of Biochemical Analysis)
Robert A. Copeland
Manufacturer: Wiley-Interscience
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ASIN: 0471686964

Book Description

Vital information for discovering and optimizing new drugs
"Understanding the data and the experimental details that support it has always been at the heart of good science and the assumption challenging process that leads from good science to drug discovery. This book helps medicinal chemists and pharmacologists to do exactly that in the realm of enzyme inhibitors."
-Paul S. Anderson, PhD
This publication provides readers with a thorough understanding of enzyme-inhibitor evaluation to assist them in their efforts to discover and optimize novel drug therapies. Key topics such as competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive inhibition, slow binding, tight binding, and the use of Hill coefficients to study reaction stoichiometry are all presented. Examples of key concepts are presented with an emphasis on clinical relevance and practical applications.
Targeted to medicinal chemists and pharmacologists, Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery focuses on the questions that they need to address:
* What opportunities for inhibitor interactions with enzyme targets arise from consideration of the catalytic reaction mechanism?
* How are inhibitors evaluated for potency, selectivity, and mode of action?
* What are the advantages and disadvantages of specific inhibition modalities with respect to efficacy in vivo?
* What information do medicinal chemists and pharmacologists need from their biochemistry and enzymology colleagues to effectively pursue lead optimization?
Beginning with a discussion of the advantages of enzymes as targets for drug discovery, the publication then explores the reaction mechanisms of enzyme catalysis and the types of interactions that can occur between enzymes and inhibitory molecules that lend themselves to therapeutic use. Next are discussions of mechanistic issues that must be considered when designing enzyme assays for compound library screening and for lead optimization efforts. Finally, the publication delves into special forms of inhibition that are commonly encountered in drug discovery efforts, but can be easily overlooked or misinterpreted.
This publication is designed to provide students with a solid foundation in enzymology and its role in drug discovery. Medicinal chemists and pharmacologists can refer to individual chapters as specific issues arise during the course of their ongoing drug discovery efforts.

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The goal of this book is to provide chemists and pharmacologists with the key information they need to answer questions such as: What opportunities for inhibitor interactions with enzyme targets arise from consideration of the catalytic reaction mechanism? How are inhibitors properly evaluated for potency, selectivity, and mode of action? What are the potential advantages and liabilities of specific inhibition modalities with respect to efficacy in vivo? And finally, what information should medicinal chemists and pharmacologist expect from their biochemistry/enzymology colleagues in order to most effectively pursue lead optimization?

Customer Reviews:

Enzyme Kinetics.......2007-03-02

I have found this book very useful. If you have to use enzyme kinetics, and analyze the data, then you really should have this book. That it is recommended by Prof Cornish-Bowden attests to its accuracy.
Personally I find this topic difficult, but this book is well written, and I have a much better understanding of kinetics after getting this book.

Drug developers need this book.......2006-03-10

Books and reviews on drug design are often disappointing, but Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery is excellent; it is a book that should be on the shelves of anyone involved in rational drug development, and available to anyone interested in understanding how successful drugs work. It starts by explaining why enzymes are appropriate targets for a drug design in the first place, and goes on to emphasize that inhibiting an enzyme and producing the intended effect on the whole organism is not a trivial matter. As the author remarks, "dogmatic arguments that lead to a priori predictions of what will work best in a biological context more often than not reflect an incomplete understanding".

If rational drug design is ever to become a reality it will involve knowledge of much more than three-dimensional structure, though this sometimes seems to be the only aspect considered. It requires, of course, knowledge of the different kinds of inhibition and how the inhibitor affects enzyme activity at different concentrations of substrates and products. In addition, it requires some knowledge of the metabolic context in which the inhibited enzyme is embedded: if it has almost no flux control then inhibiting it -- even to a high degree -- may have almost no effect on the flux through it (though it may still have large effects on the metabolite concentrations around it). finally it requires understanding of what makes some molecules "drug-like", and others not: it is no use identifying a superb inhibitor of the ideal enzyme if there is no way of delivering it to the target. Copeland deals with all of these points, and others, in an appropriately elementary way. Apart from giving much more information about inhibition than he did in Enzymes (Wiley-Interscience, 2000), here he takes a more leisurely pace and the book should not offer any serious difficulty to anyone wanting to master the subject.

As the author explains, there is much more to enzyme inhibition than just competitive inhibition: some successful drugs are indeed competitive inhibitors, Methotrexate and Viagra among them, but others are not; Finasteride, for example, used for treating benign hypertrophy of the prostate, is an uncompetitive inhibitor of steroid 5alpha-reductase. Classifying inhibitors thus needs more than crude measures of IC50 values, and if these are used at all they need to be used in conjunction with knowledge of how they relate to inhibition constants.

Analysis of the kind set out in the book is essential for understanding why enzyme inhibitors work as drugs, but the sceptical reader may wonder how much of it is post hoc rationalization, and how much was actually used for discovering the drugs. Let us consider the 26 enzyme inhibitors that have become successful drugs that are listed in Chapter 1, from Acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase used to treat glaucoma, to Viagra, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase that is now familiar to everyone. Modern Drug Discovery claimed in 1998 that "Viagra was discovered using a rational drug design approach", but was it? It was not originally conceived as a drug for treating erectile dysfunction, and its usefulness for this discovered almost by chance when it was noticed that some men who participated in clinical trials as a treatment for angina pectoris reported unexpected effects. Even as an inhibitor for phosphodiesterase, Viagra was found by making variations on the structure of Zaprinast, a weak inhibitor that had failed to become a useful anti-allergy treatment. There is little in this history to suggest rational drug design.

There are many good points about this book, but it is often difficult to find them, because the index is very poor. For example, there is a discussion of the characteristics of "drug-like" molecules (Lipinski's rules, etc.), but don't expect to learn this from the index; the only way to find it is to leaf through the pages. Fortunately it comes early in the book, but there are other equally important and equally secret topics later on. In other respects this is a fine achievement, a book that can be enthusiastically recommended.

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