Clays, Muds, and Shales (Developments in Sedimentology)

Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive and critical summary of clay mineral literature that relates to geology and geologic processes, making it useful both as a reference book for geologists and as a text for the specialist.

The book encompasses the full scope of clay-shale geology. An introductory chapter provides basic background terminology and classification. This is followed by a relatively long chapter on the structure and composition of the various clay minerals. Chapter 3 provides an introduction to soil formation, chemical weathering, microbial alteration and the pedogenic formation of clay minerals. Chapters 4 and 5 cover the continental and marine transport, and deposition of clays. Both mechanisms and examples are presented, ranging from biodepositional to the nepheloid layer. Chapter 6 reviews data on the low to high temperature formation of clay minerals from marine volcanics, and the growth of authigenic clays in shallow marine, brackish, and evaporite environments. Chapter 7, Diagenesis Metamorphism, covers both burial diagenesis and the processes occurring during the conversion of shale to clay. Chapter 8 discusses the formation of authigenic-diagenetic formation of clays in sandstones. Chapter 9 describes the temperal distribution of clay minerals in North and South America, Europe, Africa and the Atlantic Ocean. The clay suites are related to factors such as continental drift, tectonics, climate and environment. The final brief chapter covers compaction, lithification and some general features of shales.

The book is liberally sprinkled with x-ray patterns, chemical analyses, and SEM and TEM pictures, in addition to hundreds of examples.

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Clays
Alain Meunier
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Handbook of Clay Science, Volume 1 (Developments in Clay Science)
$X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals$ X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals

ASIN: 3540216677

Book Description

This monograph presents the fundamentals of the mineralogy and geology of clays. The chemical or isotopic composition and the crystalline structure of clays is based on some relatively simple laws. Abundant illustrations help to understand the subject and can be used in courses. The organization of the book follows a logical structure. From the representation of the structure of minerals, the determination of their crystalline state by using X-ray diffractometer measurements (and other techniques) the thermodynamic and kinematic conditions of their formation is reconstructed. Then the genesis and alteration of the clays at their natural occurrences is discussed. In the last chapter it is stressed that clay minerals can form in variety of different environments: meteorites, lavas, subduction zones for example. The book is aimed for graduate students and scientists (geologists, geographers, engineers, environmental and soil scientists) who want to get a comprehensive introduction in the topic.

Clay: The History and Evolution of Humankind's Relationship

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Read about clay's multiple, vital roles in world history
Clay's vital role in modern times

Clay: The History and Evolution of Humankind's Relationship
Suzanne Staubach
Manufacturer: Berkley Trade
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0425212092

Book Description

In the tradition of the bestselling books Salt and Cod: get the dirt on the humble substance that helped create the modern world.

Clay has played a crucial role in the development of the culinary arts, international trade, the invention of writing, and the construction of towns and cities. After 30,000 years, clay continues to play a vital role in our everyday lives and the advancement of civilization. Its history is the history of the human race.

What started as a tool for cooking and a vessel for storage is now essential to the space program, bio-technology, publishing, agriculture, plumbing, sanitation, and more. Much of the Great Wall of China was made of fired clay bricks-a material that can stand for centuries. Now, Suzanne Staubach presents a look at a civilization built on the mud beneath our feet-from the first spark plugs to modern semi-conductors, satellite communications to surgical equipment-in a colorful look at how, from primordial ooze to modern miracles, clay continues to shape our world in ways limited only by the human imagination.

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Read about clay's multiple, vital roles in world history .......2006-09-02

_Clay_ by Suzanne Staubach is an information-packed and interesting look at how one substance - clay - has had far-reaching effects on world history, culture, architecture, cuisine, and technology.

Unbelievably abundant, clay (from kleben, German for "to stick to") is alumina, silica, and chemically bonded water. Its popularity through the ages is due to its abundance, plasticity, and its durability after being heated (even sun-baked clay has considerable durability, though unfired clay or raw clay has had a myriad of uses as well).

Clay vessels have had a huge role in how humanity has cooked and stored food. With the advent of clay pots, it became possible to make grains and cereals into pottages, tough chunks of meat and tubers into stews, and babies could be weaned earlier thanks to easily-digested mush, which could easily be made in clay pots. Clay vessels made the brewing and consumption of alcohol possible, as pottery enabled the ancient Egyptians to brew ale; the Sumerians date wine; and the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans grape wine. Interestingly, Roman wine was thick and intensely flavored and had to be mixed with water in specially-made clay vessels called kraters before drinking. Clay storage vessels also kept food safe from insects, rodents, and moisture.

The first ovens were made of clay, enabling people to bake bread (especially raised bread). The Sumerians developed a large clay beehive oven called a tannur, a type that spread to many other parts of the world, including India, where it came to be called the tandoor. The tandoor is still in use today and tandoori cuisine is popular in many restaurants throughout the world. Also the very first stoves and ranges were made of clay and their remains have been found in ancient Mesopotamian, Chinese, and Roman archaeological sites.

Potters became the world's first industrialists, as fired clay was the first synthetic substance ever created and the kiln and the potter's wheel were among the very first machines ever made. Indeed it is possible that the potter's wheel predates wheels used for transportation.

Clay of course allowed people to produce plates, cups, and bowls for the dinner table, particularly after glazes were invented (the ancient Egyptians knew of two types of low-fire glazes, lead and alkaline). It was the Chinese who really advanced the art of producing dinnerware, producing the first porcelain in the Sui dynasty (the 500s AD), thought it was the later Ming dynasty (1368-1644) that became truly famous for it, its wonderful blue and white porcelains dishes a popular export commodity. The import of Ming porcelain vastly changed European tastes, leading to by the mid-16th century the need for aristocrats at least to have matching sets of china (as it became known). European potters were not to be outdone; Josiah Spode invented "bone china" or spode ware that thanks to bone ash from cattle had added stability and Josiah Wedgwood pioneered the idea of the assembly line in his potteries and made so much money he was able to finance the researches of his cousin Charles Darwin.

Clay was key in the development of writing, as the Sumerians used clay tablets for their cuneiform writing and the world's first printing press with movable type, a Chinese invention of around 1041 BC, used printing blocks made of fired clay. Clay still has an impact on writing today, as clay bonded with graphite makes it more stable, enabling its use in pencils.

Clay of course has a huge role as a building material. Clay structural types include wattle-and-daub (a woven structure of sticks or reed is covered with mud), cob (balls or chunks of clay mixed with straw, manure, and sand are stacked into walls and smoothed together), adobe bricks, rammed earth (or pise), and fired or burned brick buildings. Each type of construction is not only ancient but still in use; the famed British buildings of dark beams and contrasting tan or white panels of plaster - "Tudor style" - are wattle-and-daub. The Great Wall of China is actually multiple walls of unfired loess (a type of fine-grained clay), bricks, and burned bricks. Also clay tiles have been used in buildings for thousands of years, dating back to Egyptian times and becoming particularly notable in Islamic architecture in the Middle East and Central Asia, while red terra-cotta roof tiles have become associated with the scenic towns of the Mediterranean, Mexico, and South America.

The author showed in chapter after interesting chapter that the uses of clay throughout history have been nearly endless. Clay water pipes and flush toilets have had a huge role in modern sanitation, saving millions of lives from dysentery, typhus, typhoid fever, and cholera. Indeed collectors of Royal Doulton figurines and china might be interested to know that the "Royal" comes from the fact that Sir Henry Doulton was knighted in 1887 for his contributions to public health, as his clay sewer pipes and other sanitary ware greatly improved British life. Clay-lined pit furnaces enabled the invention of smelting, and clay crucibles were vital in producing molds so that metal tools, pots, and weapons could be cast. Clay was used as insulation in the first internal combustion engines, particularly with spark plugs. Clay has had a major role in so many products, including early successful false teeth (they replaced inferior wooden, bone, or horn teeth, all of which absorbed stains and eventually putrefied and stank), smoking pipes (even many of those made of stone, pipestone, were really made of clay, as pipestone was known from upper Missouri River region of southwest Minnesota and was once clay, compressed into stone by the weight of Ice Age glaciers), fertility rituals (the clay figurine the Venus of Dolni Vestonice dates back 30,000 years), cremation urns, hearths to heat the home, and grave goods (including my favorite, the 9,000 strong terra-cotta army of the First Emperor of Qin who died in 210 BC, 7,000 soldiers and 2,000 horses so accurately rendered that even the underside of the shoes of the soldiers have tread).

Clay's vital role in modern times.......2006-03-19

The effect of clay on civilization goes far beyond pottery efforts: it's fostered the rise of world trace, the invention of writing, and the construction of cities. It continues to play a vital role in our modern age, yet few outside of potters give it much attention. CLAY: THE HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF HUMANKIND'S RELATIONSHIP WITH EARTH'S MOST PRIMAL ELEMENT will appeal primarily to any involved in the arts but is also a highly recommended pick for social science and history classes: it provides a lively look on all the elements clay has been essential to fostering, from semiconductors to surgical equipment.

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Organo-Clay Complexes & Interactions

Manufacturer: CRC
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0824705866

Book Description

"Provides comprehensive coverage of the structures, properties, and interactions of organo-clay complexes as well as their role in the origin of life. Presents current techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry, visible spectroscopy, and infrared and thermal-infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of fine structures in organo-clay complexes."

$X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals$
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X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals
Duane M. Moore , and Robert C. Reynolds
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Spiral-bound

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ASIN: 0195087135

Book Description

This successful text/reference, now in a new edition, explores the applications and limitations of data produced by the interaction of X-rays with clay minerals. This edition pays particular attention to integrating the mineralogy of soils and features a new chapter on disorder and polytypes. Chapter Four, from the first edition, has been expanded and split into two chapters, "Structure and Properties: General Treatment" and "Structure, Nonmenclature, and Occurrences of Clay Minerals." Essential in agriculture, geology, and in making informed engineering decisions, this text offers the necessary information on the properties of these minerals, combining theoretical discussion with recipe-like directions for laboratory procedures. Ideal for students who have completed introductory geology, chemistry, and mineralogy courses, this text can also be used as a reference for researchers and workers in industry.

Colloid and Surface Properties of Clays and Related Minerals (Surfactant Science)

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Colloid and Surface Properties of Clays and Related Minerals (Surfactant Science)
Rossman F. Giese , and Carel J. van Oss
Manufacturer: CRC
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 082479527X

Book Description

This text discusses measuring the surface properties of flat or particulate solids with contact angles of drops of high-energy liquids deposited on solid surfaces or via the thin-layer wicking technique, respectively. It focuses on Lifshitz-van der Waals, Lewis acid-base, and electrical double layer interactions.

Red Clay, Pink Cadillacs and White Gold: The Kaolin Chalk Wars

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Political correctness comes to clay country.
Important information
Very slanted, unobjective reporting....
Great Book!

Red Clay, Pink Cadillacs and White Gold: The Kaolin Chalk Wars
Charles Seabrook , and Marcy Louza
Manufacturer: Longstreet Pr
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

General | Politics | Nonfiction | Subjects | Books
ASIN: 1563522292

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Political correctness comes to clay country........2002-01-18

A reporter at an ultra-liberal Atlanta newspaper and an aide for a Congresswoman who spends her summers helping Fidel Castro harvest his sugar cane crop have teamed up to offer a predictably biased account of the Kaolin Industry in Georgia.You might as well get out your little red book of the sayings of Mao-tse-tung as waste your time on this tripe.

Important information.......2001-07-05

This book reveals a feudal system still in existence in southern Georgia today. It will infuriate you, whether you live in the state or not. It's a great example of investigative journalism (obviously, the first reviewer works for the Kaolin companies who have been robbing the poor blacks and even the state of Georgia blind for decades!) But be warned, this book will make you angry -- at the abuses, the coverups, the lack of governmental backbone to take on this industry. But maybe if enough of us read this book, something, finally, will change.

Very slanted, unobjective reporting...........1999-02-05

I read this book, and it is basically a condemnation of the kaolin companies and a glorification of their opponents. The author is an environmentalist reporter for the Atlanta Journal and Constitution, which should tell you all you need to know about the book's objectivity.

Great Book!.......1998-09-23

This is a great book. Nominally a story of the kaolin area of Georgia it is much more. I am somewhat familiar with area, its people, and the author. It, however, is a very good social study of the po'blacks and whites of one of Georgia's poorest areas. From Depression days to the present it spells out their oppression.

Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X Ray Identification (Greece & Rome)

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All you wanted to know about clay minerals in one book!

Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X Ray Identification (Greece & Rome)

Manufacturer: Mineralogical Society
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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All you wanted to know about clay minerals in one book!.......2000-04-30

The book covers diverse areas about clay minerals and describe very clrarly how to identify their structure using X-ray diffraction. The book is written in an ordered way, very easy to understand, allowing quick use. This subject is very interesting, because new worldwide researched technologies, nano-technologies, are dealing with clay minerals. although the book was written at 1980, I greatly recommand it. New books about this subject are not available, and other books are much less detailed and friendly to the reader.

Soils and Sediments: Mineralogy and Geochemistry

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Soils and Sediments: Mineralogy and Geochemistry

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Book Description

Clays and soils are of great importance in various scientific fields, such as agriculture and environmental science, and in mineral deposits. Students and close collaborators of Georges Millot, the eminent French clay sedimentologist, have put together a book with topics ranging from weathering processes and diagenetic evalution of sediments to sedimentary mineral deposits. The book is of interest to practitioners, advanced students as well as teachers in the above fields.

Applied Clay Mineralogy, Volume 2: Occurrences, Processing and Applications of Kaolins, Bentonites, Palygorskitesepiolite, and Common Clays (Developments ... Clay Science) (Developments in Clay Science)

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Applied Clay Mineralogy, Volume 2: Occurrences, Processing and Applications of Kaolins, Bentonites, Palygorskitesepiolite, and Common Clays (Developments ... Clay Science) (Developments in Clay Science)
Haydn H. Murray
Manufacturer: Elsevier Science
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Handbook of Clay Science, Volume 1 (Developments in Clay Science)

ASIN: 0444517014

Book Description

This book on Applied Clay Mineralogy is comprehensive. It covers the structure, composition, and physical and chemical properties of kaolinite, halloysite, ball clays; bentonites including sodium montmorillonite, calcium montmorillonite, and hectorite; and palygorskite and sepiolite. There is also a short chapter on common clays which are used for making structural clay products and lightweight aggregate. The location and geology of the major clay deposits that are marketed worldwide and regionally include kaolins from the United States, Southwest England, Brazil, and the Czech Republic along with halloysite from New Zealand and ball clays from the US, England, Germany, and Ukraine. Bentonites from the U.S. and Europe are included along with palygorskite and sepiolite from the U.S., China, Senegal, and Spain. The mining and processing of the various clays are described. Extensive discussions of the many applications of the clays are included. The appendices cover the important laboratory tests that are used to identify and evaluate the various types of clay. Many figures are included covering electron micrographs, processing flow sheets, stratigraphy, and location maps.

* Provides the structure and composition of clay minerals, as well as their phyisical and chemical properties
* Discusses pplications for Kaolin, Bentonite, Palygorskite and Sepiolite
* Contains appendixes of laboratory tests and procedures, as well as a test for common clays

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