Book Description
This thorough and detailed exposition is the result of an intensive month-long course sponsored by the Clay Mathematics Institute. It develops mirror symmetry from both mathematical and physical perspectives. The material will be particularly useful for those wishing to advance their understanding by exploring mirror symmetry at the interface of mathematics and physics.
This one-of-a-kind volume offers the first comprehensive exposition on this increasingly active area of study. It is carefully written by leading experts who explain the main concepts without assuming too much prerequisite knowledge. The book is an excellent resource for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in mathematical and theoretical physics.
Customer Reviews:
Detailed overview of the subject.......2005-05-16
Mirror symmetry has become an established branch of mathematics and mathematical physics, and research in the subject has resulted in brilliant developments. This sizable book contains essentially some (polished) lecture notes of a seminar series in mirror symmetry that was given in the spring of 2000. This reviewer only studied Part 5 of the book, entitled "Advanced Topics" and so only that part will be reviewed here. In addition, space constraints then dictate only a small portion of this part can be reviewed. Needless to say, any reader who intends to tackle this book will need a substantial background in modern mathematics and advanced physics, and a sizable commitment in time. The time spent is well worth it though, as both the mathematics and physics behind mirror symmetry has to rank as one of the most fascinating research topics in the last two decades.
In the chapter entitled "Topological Strings" the authors consider the functional integration of worldsheet geometries. This project involves essentially the integration over the complex structures of Riemann surfaces. Referring to this procedure as "quantum gravity", they do not address it in-depth, but instead focus on the coupling of topological sigma models to worldsheet gravity, which is called `topological string theory' in the literature. The authors first consider the case where the target is a Kahler manifold whose first Chern class is zero, since for this case the quantum cohomology ring is less easy to obtain, i.e. it can obtain contributions from holomorphic maps of any degree. Even for the case where there is no coupling to gravity, the degree 0 contribution is related to the classical intersection number. The contributions from higher degree result in the deformation of the classical cohomology ring into the quantum cohomology ring. The authors then ask whether there are any other correlators that will give nontrivial (non-zero) invariants in genus 0. Posing this question leads to the WDVV equation and the genus 0 topological string partition function. The n-point correlation functions of topological strings can then be defined as the nth partial derivatives of this function. For higher genus cases, the correlators are all zero, but the authors show the connection between the higher genus partition function and holomorphic anomalies. The case of three-dimensional Calabi-Yau manifolds is special, if one concentrates on the integration over the complex structures of the worldsheet. When the complex dimension of this moduli space is 3(g-1) then there are isolated points where holomorphic maps exist. Defining a topological string theory for Calabi-Yau threefolds is straightforward, as the author shows, and proceeds analogously to the case of topological field theory. A measure is defined on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces of genus g that cancels the axial charge anomaly. A genus g (>1) topological string amplitude, which is a section of a bundle over the moduli space of Calabi-Yau manifolds, is then obtained from this procedure. Modulo the presence of holomorphic anomalies, the authors show that the definition of topological string amplitudes is consistent with the topological symmetry. The origin of these holomorphic anomalies is discussed in fair detail by the authors, having their origin in the boundaries of the moduli space.
The rigorous mathematical formulation of mirror symmetry is of course of great interest to mathematicians. Because of its origin in string theory and quantum field theory, mirror symmetry has not yet received this kind of rigor. Chapters 37 and 38 of this book discuss some of the approaches that attempt to put mirror symmetry on a more rigorous foundation. One of these involves the use of `derived categories,' an approach that was recommended by the mathematician Maxim Kontsevich. The discussion in these chapters takes place in the context of D-branes, and Kontsevich conjectures that mirror symmetry is the equivalence of two categories: the derived category of coherent sheaves, and the category of Lagrangian submanifolds with flat U(1) connections. Specifically the equivalence entails the equivalence between the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves or `B-cycles' and the category of A-cycles with compositions defined in terms of holomorphic maps from disks. This latter category is derived from the Fukaya A-infinity category, as is shown by the authors. They discuss in detail this category, being essentially a generalization of a differential, graded algebra, especially how to obtain the compositions. In chapter 37, the authors give an explicit example of the equivalence of these categories for the case of the elliptic curve. The elliptic curve is interesting in this regard in that it is its own mirror, i.e. the complex parameter is mapped to the complexified Kahler parameter by the mirror map.
The derived category has sometimes been a stumbling block to those who want to understand the Kontsevich conjecture. The authors do not attempt to give the reader the needed insight into this kind of category, but merely take it to be a collection of all holomorphic bundles and coherent sheaves. Sheaves in this category can be subtracted from each other using a map between them. Physically, this subtraction corresponds to the annihilation of branes and anti-branes via a tachyon. Derived categories though are straightforward to think about if one views them from the standpoint of algebraic topology. Derived categories are rich enough to include notions of localization and triangulated objects (i.e. "complexes") and maps (i.e. morphisms) between these objects. This is a kind of "homology" but what is of main interest are homotopies between the morphisms. The class of homotopic morphisms between two complexes forms an abelian group and one can then obtain a category consisting of complexes as objects and classes of homotopic morphisms as morphisms. A cohomology functor can then be defined on this category, along with graded objects and differentials between them. The homotopic category can be given a "triangulation" and morphisms in this category that give rise to isomorphisms in cohomology are given special status, called `quasimorphisms.' The localization of this category with respect to quasimorphisms is called a derived category.
Average customer rating:
- Beautiful
- Great Intuitive Coverage of Complex Variables
- Pretty but not a substitute for traditional text.
- Exceptionally pretty complex analysis book
- essential
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Visual Complex Analysis
Tristan Needham
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
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The Cauchy-Schwarz Master Class: An Introduction to the Art of Mathematical Inequalities (Maa Problem Books Series.)
ASIN: 0198534477 |
Book Description
This radical approach to complex analysis replaces the standard calculational arguments with new geometric ones. With several hundred diagrams, and far fewer prerequisites than usual, this is the first visually intuitive introduction to complex analysis. Although designed for use by undergraduates in mathematics and science, the novelty of the approach will also interest professional mathematicians. PDF extracts of the book can be read at http://www.usfca.edu/vcal/.
Customer Reviews:
Beautiful.......2006-05-11
This is one of the best math books ever written. It is insightful, reader friendly,and has an excellent set of exercises. It also covers a broad range of topics including applications to physics.
Great Intuitive Coverage of Complex Variables.......2006-02-17
This is a great book for a Complex analysis course, especially when combined with a more traditional text like Ahlfors or Knopp's Theory of Functions. Needham's geometric approach builds 'feel' for the subject and manages to include a huge range of topics. Sometimes just trying to work out what you are seeing in a particular visualization can lead to new insights. All in all its an innovative and well written book.
Pretty but not a substitute for traditional text........2005-10-09
My slightly harsh rating is an antidote to all the gushing about
this book. It is a nice book with lots of pretty pictures and
genuine geometrical insights and is well worth reading as a
supplement to traditional complex analysis texts. The geometrical
topics are actually quite good. If you are a maths major then
this book will be of limited use because its coverage of the
traditional topics is simply too weak. The geometrical approach
quickly runs out of steam, in my opinion, once it gets into
complex integration. Homotopy does not even rate a mention in the
index. My pet dislike was the almost complete omission of the
calculus of residues. The author dimisses that topic as being
old-fashioned. True, the application to computing real integrals
is reduced since the advent of computers. But I think that a
maths major would need to be aware of Jordan's Lemma and other
techniques to estimate the asymptotic behaviour of integrals
along curves. I also found that the treatment of multi-valued
functions and branch cuts quite confusing, which is surprising
in a book which is supposed to have a strong geometrical focus.
Exceptionally pretty complex analysis book.......2005-04-09
This is a very exciting introduction to complex analysis. Its most striking feature is the many excellent illustrations; pictures are used to explain things whenever possible. Needham is always eager to explain, and also to show meaning. Thus Möbius transformations are not just charming quirks; instead Needham gives a self-contained introduction to non-Euclidean geometry to show them in action. And when one needs to understand analytic functions as flows, then Needham gives a self-contained introduction to the ideas of vector analysis. Because the book always spills over on other topics like this, I keep my copy within reach at all times, as a treasure mine of beautiful, visual explanations of topics even outside of complex analysis proper. This wide scope works very well most of the time but it should be said that there are probably too many minor side topics than are appropriate in a first textbook. Sometimes Needham seems to include results not because they fit in or add something important, but because he has thought of such a pretty proof. But we quickly forgive him, for the book is so extremely loveable, and it is still by far my first choice as a first textbook of complex analysis.
essential.......2005-01-13
It is possible to memorize definitions, master proofs and work endless exercises and still feel that you don't understand what's going on. This is especially true in complex analysis. This book emphasizes the visual/geometric aspect of analytic functions at the expense of some loss of rigor. These insights are priceless.
Needham employs a wider range of mathematical tools than other books aimed at the upper level undergraduate, e.g., Palka and Brown/Churchill. This would include simple group theory, linear algebra, vector calculus and obviously geometry. Often this works very well at the expense of some digression. At other times, the more traditional algebraic approach is better.
This book is unique and fills an important need.
Book Description
This development of the theory of complex algebraic curves was one of the peaks of nineteenth century mathematics. They have many fascinating properties and arise in various areas of mathematics, from number theory to theoretical physics, and are the subject of much research. By using only the basic techniques acquired in most undergraduate courses in mathematics, Dr. Kirwan introduces the theory, observes the algebraic and topological properties of complex algebraic curves, and shows how they are related to complex analysis.
Customer Reviews:
A very nice little book.......2003-05-14
This is a very nice, short introduction to the subject -- This series of blue paperbacks by CUP is excellent. Typically, all books in the series are readable introductions. Somewhat higher level than the corresponding series from Springer (the one where all exercises have full solutions).
Incidentally, the author is a very attractive woman.
Well suited as an introduction to algebraic curves.......2001-03-15
The book gives a good general overview of algebraic curves using only elementary algebra, topology, and complex analysis. There are lots of diagrams of elliptic curves in the historical introduction in the first chapter and the subject is well motivated. Hilbert's Nullstellensatz is introduced in the context of real algebraic curves as an answer to the question of when the polynomials definte the same curve. The visualization approach taken by the author in the first chapter has taken on dramatic proportions do to the computer graphics packages currently available. The author introduces complex algebraic curves in complex 2-dimensional space in the next chapter. Recognizing that such curves are not compact, he compactifies them by adding suitable points at infinity, giving complex projective curves. The algebraic properties of these curves are studied in the next chapter. He does a good job of motivating the group law on elliptic curves on the last theorem of the chapter, leaving the proof of associativity to the reader in the exercises. The topology of complex projective curves is taken up in Chapter 4. The author gives two proofs of the degree-genus formula, one geometric and the other from a holomorphic point of view. This leads to a consideration of branch points and ramified covers. The author's outline of the proofs is very detailed and therefore very helpful to one encountering the proof for the first time. The statement of the formula via the Riemann-Roch theorem in more formal treatments (and later in the book) can then be appreciated more. The subject of non-singular complex projective curves, namely Riemann surfaces, is effectively discussed in Chapter 5, with holomorphic differentials outlined in Chapter 6. The Riemann-Roch theorem makes its appearance here, and the author is careful to point out its use as an alternative characterization of the genus given earlier by topological arguments. Divisors are introduced as formal sums, but their understanding is straightforward here because the author has motivated them with a discussion of the properties of holomorphic and meromorphic functions earlier in the chapter. The proof of the Riemann-Roch theorem is very detailed and understandable. The book ends with a discussion of singular curves via resolution of singularities. Newton polygons and Puiseux expansions are used to investigate the behavior of degree d projective curves near a singular point. The geometrical constructions used here by the author are of great help in understanding the behavior of these curves. A very well-written book for students and new-comers to the area of algebraic curves. It will pave the way for more advanced reading on the subject.
Book Description
The study of homogeneous spaces provides excellent insights into both differential geometry and Lie groups. In geometry, for instance, general theorems and properties will also hold for homogeneous spaces, and will usually be easier to understand and to prove in this setting. For Lie groups, a significant amount of analysis either begins with or reduces to analysis on homogeneous spaces, frequently on symmetric spaces. For many years and for many mathematicians, Sigurdur Helgason's classic Differential Geometry, Lie Groups, and Symmetric Spaces has been--and continues to be--the standard source for this material.
Helgason begins with a concise, self-contained introduction to differential geometry. He then introduces Lie groups and Lie algebras, including important results on their structure. This sets the stage for the introduction and study of symmetric spaces, which form the central part of the book. The text concludes with the classification of symmetric spaces by means of the Killing-Cartan classification of simple Lie algebras over $\mathbf{C}$ and Cartan's classification of simple Lie algebras over $\mathbf{R}$.
The excellent exposition is supplemented by extensive collections of useful exercises at the end of each chapter. All the problems have either solutions or substantial hints, found at the back of the book.
For this latest edition, Helgason has made corrections and added helpful notes and useful references. The sequels to the present book are published in the AMS's Mathematical Surveys and Monographs Series: Groups and Geometric Analysis, Volume 83, and Geometric Analysis on Symmetric Spaces, Volume 39.
Sigurdur Helgason was awarded the Steele Prize for Differential Geometry, Lie Groups, and Symmetric Spaces and Groups and Geometric Analysis.
Customer Reviews:
Superb Treatise and Indispensible Reference .......2007-06-26
The mere thought or mention of the name Helgason inspires respect and awe. This book gets five stars all the way on its merit alone, regardless of who wrote it. Difficult as it is, the book starts from the fundamentals and works up in a coherent logical manner, there are no gaps in his presentation. The negative review below is completely unjustified. If anyone would like to at least see some of what this book is like go to ocw.mit.edu and download Helgason's notes which use excerpts in this book. Some of the topics in this book are covered in a more easy going way in "Lie Groups, Lie Algebras, and Some of Their Applications" by Robert Gilmore. (If I'm not mistaken Gilmore was a student of Helgason.) This book is mathematical exposition at it's absolute finest and I don't think but 1 in 1,000 people reading this page need me to tell them that much less need a review to persuade them. This book has quite a reputation.
Unsurpassed, but demanding.......2007-05-28
As I reviewed this book at Amazon, I found only one review, which I considered to be too harsh. You should understand that Helgason is writing a graduate textbook. Students will learn about "modules" in their graduate algebra course. They will learn De Rham's theorem in an introductory analysis course or sometimes even in a topology course (yes, it can happen). So, most of the language for which another reviewer criticized him would usually be covered in other graduate courses.
Helgason writes tersely but extremely precisely. I know of no other author who gives similar sophistication of point of view and quick, to the point, proofs. He is a "best of breed," and I suppose that is part of the reason he has been a core member of the faculty at M.I.T. for such a long time. A serious student cannot really avoid reading the entire progression of these texts, particularly the "Groups and Geometric Analysis" title, perhaps second in the Helgason manuscripts.
Semisimple( Simple)->Bad.......2007-05-13
I certainly hate being cheated.
This book is advance as a textbook for a course in Lie Algebra.
I can picture the man who wrote this book lecturing to the future great minds of MIT
and putting them to sleep.
The fellow is the worst sort of pedant.
On page one he mentions one of the more difficult theorems in modern Mathematics,
De Rham's theorem, then drops it like it was too hot to handle.
On page three he introduces Hausdorff's difficult separation axiom
without any explanation at all.
Throughout the book he beats you over the head with terms like "module"
without adequate definition or explanation of terms.
He literally expects you to have learned
what he is supposed to be teaching
before you take his course?
In short , anyone taking the course with this book as a text book
will be hunting for a good text on Lie AlgebraSemi-Simple Lie Algebras and Their Representations (Dover Books on Mathematics) Lie Groups, Lie Algebras, and Some of Their Applications
and differential geometry,
since this one is entirely unreadable,
even by those who know and love the subjects.
Book Description
It is impossible to imagine modern mathematics without complex numbers.
Complex Numbers from A to . . . Z introduces the reader to this fascinating subject that, from the time of L. Euler, has become one of the most utilized ideas in mathematics.
The exposition concentrates on key concepts and then elementary results concerning these numbers. The reader learns how complex numbers can be used to solve algebraic equations and to understand the geometric interpretation of complex numbers and the operations involving them.
The theoretical parts of the book are augmented with rich exercises and problems at various levels of difficulty. A special feature of the book is the last chapter, a selection of outstanding Olympiad and other important mathematical contest problems solved by employing the methods already presented.
The book reflects the unique experience of the authors. It distills a vast mathematical literature, most of which is unknown to the western public, and captures the essence of an abundant problem culture. The target audience includes undergraduates, high school students and their teachers, mathematical contestants (such as those training for Olympiads or the W. L. Putnam Mathematical Competition) and their coaches, as well as anyone interested in essential mathematics.
Customer Reviews:
lots of unusual and challenging problems on complex numbers.......2006-03-12
Comprehensive and yet concise enough to cover lots of material. Lots of wonderful questions to challenge any math problem lovers.
Highly recommended.
A very useful book on complex numbers.......2005-12-31
Mathematics is amazing not only in its power and beauty, but also in the way that it has applications in so many areas. The aim of this book is to stimulate young people to become interested in mathematics, to enthuse, inspire, and challenge them, their parents and their teachers with the wonder, excitement, power, and relevance of mathematics.
This book is a very well written introduction to the fascinating theory of complex numbers and it
contains a fine collection of excellent exercises ranging in difficulty from the fairly easy, if calculational, to the more challenging. As stated
by the authors, the targeted audience is not standard and it "includes high school students and their teachers,
undergraduates, mathematics contestants such as those training for Olympiads or the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, their coaches, and any person interested in essential mathematics."
The book is mainly devoted to complex numbers and to their wide applications in various fields, such as geometry, trigonometry or algebraic operations. An important feature of this marvelous book is that
it presents a wide range of problems of all degrees of difficulties, but also
that it includes easy proofs and natural generalizations of many theorems in elementary geometry.
The authors show how to approach the solution of such problems, emphasizing the use of methods rather than the mere use of formulas. Of course, the more sophisticated the problems become, the more specific this approach has to be chosen.
The book is self-contained; no background in complex numbers is assumed and complete
solutions to routine problems and to olympiad-caliber problems are presented in the last chapter of the book.
The aim of the core part of each chapter is to develop key mathematical ideas and to place them in the context of novel, interesting, and unexpected applications to real-world problems.
The first chapter deals with complex numbers in algebraic form and leads up to the geometric interpretations of the modulus and of the algebraic operations. The second chapter deals with various applications to trigonometry,
starting with elementary facts on the polar representation of complex numbers
and going up to more sophisticated properties related to $n$th roots of unity and their applications in solving
binomial equations. Chapter 3 is devoted to the applications of complex numbers in solving problems in Plane and Analytic Geometry. This chapter includes a lot of interesting properties related to collinearity, orthogonality, concyclicity, similar triangles, as well as very useful analytic formulas for the geometry of a triangle and of a circle in the complex plane. Chapter 4 contains much more powerful results such as: the nine-point circle of Euler, some important distances in a triangle, barycentric coordinates, orthopolar triangles, Lagrange's theorem, geometric transformations in the complex plane. This chapter also includes a marvelous theorem known in the mathematical
folklore under the name of "Morley's Miracle" and which simply states that "the three points of intersection
of the adjacent trisectors of any triangle form an equilateral triangle". As stated in the book, this theorem
was mistakenly attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte. The proof of this theorem follows directly from Theorem 3 on page 155, a deep result which was obtained by the celebrated French mathematician Alain Connes (Fields Medal in
1982 and Clay Research Award in 2000),
in connection with his revolutionary results in Noncommutative Geometry. Chapter 5 illustrates the force of the
method of complex numbers in solving several Olympiad-caliber problems where this technique works very efficiently.
This very successful book is the fruit of the prodigious activity of two well-known creators of mathematics problems in various mathematical journals. The big experience of the authors in preparing students for various mathematical competitions allowed them to present a big collection of beautiful problems. This book continues the tradition making national and international mathematical competition problems available to a wider audience and is bound to appeal to anyone interested in mathematical problem solving.
I very strongly recommend this book to all students curious about elementary mathematics, especially those who are bored at school and ready for a challenge. Teachers would find this book to be a welcome resource, as will contest organizers.
This book is meant both to be read and to be used.
All in all, an excellent book for its intended audience!
Book Description
This book describes the global properties of simply-connected spaces that are non-positively curved in the sense of A. D. Alexandrov, and the structure of groups which act on such spaces by isometries. The theory of these objects is developed in a manner accessible to anyone familiar with the rudiments of topology and group theory: non-trivial theorems are proved by concatenating elementary geometric arguments, and many examples are given. Part I is an introduction to the geometry of geodesic spaces. In Part II the basic theory of spaces with upper curvature bounds is developed. More specialized topics, such as complexes of groups, are covered in Part III. The book is divided into three parts, each part is divided into chapters and the chapters have various subheadings. The chapters in Part III are longer and for ease of reference are divided into numbered sections.
Customer Reviews:
Fine book, don't order it from Amazon.......2006-08-17
I have ordered this book from Amazon more than FIVE MONTHS ago, every 6-7 weeks they send a computer generated email apologizing for the delay. Also their customer service is unable to provide a firm date for delivery.
Not yet shipped.......2006-08-01
I was asked in an email promotion to review this book. It was supposed to arrive a week ago, but it still has not shipped. It would be nice if Amazon would pay attention to getting items shipped before they asked for a review.
Book Description
Reciprocity laws of various kinds play a central role in number theory. In the easiest case, one obtains a transparent formulation by means of roots of unity, which are special values of exponential functions. A similar theory can be developed for special values of elliptic or elliptic modular functions, and is called complex multiplication of such functions. In 1900 Hilbert proposed the generalization of these as the twelfth of his famous problems. In this book, Goro Shimura provides the most comprehensive generalizations of this type by stating several reciprocity laws in terms of abelian varieties, theta functions, and modular functions of several variables, including Siegel modular functions.
This subject is closely connected with the zeta function of an abelian variety, which is also covered as a main theme in the book. The third topic explored by Shimura is the various algebraic relations among the periods of abelian integrals. The investigation of such algebraicity is relatively new, but has attracted the interest of increasingly many researchers. Many of the topics discussed in this book have not been covered before. In particular, this is the first book in which the topics of various algebraic relations among the periods of abelian integrals, as well as the special values of theta and Siegel modular functions, are treated extensively.
Customer Reviews:
An example of masterity from the master of modular forms.......1999-07-03
I regard the book as a priceless gate to the ideas by which "Fermat's last theorem" has been concluded. Hence for any mathematician who would like to master in algebraic geometry, number theory or any alike subject it is an indispensable resource of first glance.
Book Description
From the reviews of the second edition: "The new methods of complex manifold theory are very useful tools for investigations in algebraic geometry, complex function theory, differential operators and so on. The differential geometrical methods of this theory were developed essentially under the influence of Professor S.-S. Chern's works. The present book is a second edition... It can serve as an introduction to, and a survey of, this theory and is based on the author's lectures held at the University of California and at a summer seminar of the Canadian Mathematical Congress....
The text is illustrated by many examples... The book is warmly recommended to everyone interested in complex differential geometry." #Acta Scientiarum Mathematicarum, 41, 3-4#
Book Description
This is the softcover reprint of the English translation of 1974 (available from Springer since 1989) of the later chapters of Bourbaki's
Topologie générale. It completes the treatment of general topology begun in Part I (Ch. 1-4, also available in English in softcover). The real numbers having been introduced in Ch. 4, the first chapters of this volume study subgroups and quotients of R (with applications to the 'measurement of magnitudes' and to the log and exp functions), then real vector spaces and projective spaces, then the additive groups Rn (subgroups, quotients, homomorphisms, infinite sums and products). Analogous properties are then studied for complex numbers, in Ch.8. Chapter 9 illustrates the use of real numbers in general topology, studying different important kinds of topological spaces: uniformizable, metric, normal Baire, Polish, Borel spaces.The final chapter deals with the various topologies of function spaces,ending with a section on approximation of functions.
Average customer rating:
|
Complex Hyperbolic Geometry (Oxford Mathematical Monographs)
William M. Goldman
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
ProductGroup: Book
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ASIN: 019853793X |
Book Description
Complex hyperbolic geometry is a particularly rich area of study, enhanced by the confluence of several areas of research including Riemannian geometry, complex analysis, symplectic and contact geometry, Lie group theory, and harmonic analysis. The boundary of complex hyperbolic geometry, known as spherical CR or Heisenberg geometry, is equally rich, and although there exist accounts of analysis in such spaces there is currently no account of their geometry. This book redresses the balance and provides an overview of the geometry of both the complex hyperbolic space and its boundary. Motivated by applications of the theory to geometric structures, moduli spaces and discrete groups, it is designed to provide an introduction to this fascinating and important area and invite further research and development.
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