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The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance
Eric R. Scerri Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items:
ASIN: 0195305736 |
Book Description
The periodic table is one of the most potent icons in science. It lies at the core of chemistry and embodies the most fundamental principles of the field. The one definitive text on the development of the periodic table by van Spronsen (1969), has been out of print for a considerable time. The present book provides a successor to van Spronsen, but goes further in giving an evaluation of the extent to which modern physics has, or has not, explained the periodic system. The book is written in a lively style to appeal to experts and interested lay-persons alike. The Periodic Table begins with an overview of the importance of the periodic table and of the elements and it examines the manner in which the term 'element' has been interpreted by chemists and philosophers. The book then turns to a systematic account of the early developments that led to the classification of the elements including the work of Lavoisier, Boyle and Dalton and Cannizzaro. The precursors to the periodic system, like Dobereiner and Gmelin, are discussed. In chapter 3 the discovery of the periodic system by six independent scientists is examined in detail. Two chapters are devoted to the discoveries of Mendeleev, the leading discoverer, including his predictions of new elements and his accommodation of already existing elements. Chapters 6 and 7 consider the impact of physics including the discoveries of radioactivity and isotopy and successive theories of the electron including Bohr's quantum theoretical approach. Chapter 8 discusses the response to the new physical theories by chemists such as Lewis and Bury who were able to draw on detailed chemical knowledge to correct some of the early electronic configurations published by Bohr and others. Chapter 9 provides a critical analysis of the extent to which modern quantum mechanics is, or is not, able to explain the periodic system from first principles. Finally, chapter 10 considers the way that the elements evolved following the Big Bang and in the interior of stars. The book closes with an examination of further chemical aspects including lesser known trends within the periodic system such as the knight's move relationship and secondary periodicity, as well at attempts to explain such trends.Customer Reviews:
A book that honors "one of the most powerful icons in science".......2007-04-12
Beautiful Patterns.......2007-01-05
An instant classic.......2007-01-03
A brilliant achievement.......2006-12-28
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Elements of Advanced Quantum Theory
J. M. Ziman Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items: ASIN: 0521074584 |
Book Description
This is a textbook of advanced quantum theory for graduate students and research workers which gives a connected mathematical derivation of the important results, concentrating on the central ideas without burdening the exposition with elaborate detail or unnecessary rigour, and explains, in the simplest possible terms, the symbols and concepts which frequently confront the active research worker in solid state, nuclear and high-energy physics, and in theoretical chemistry. Professor Ziman brings to his task the sympathetic guidance of a lecturer who has not forgotten the difficulties that he himself had to surmount in mastering his subject.Customer Reviews:
Good introduction to many-body quantum theory.......2003-02-15
Some of the more unique and interesting discussions in this book that are still relevant today include: 1. The quantization of continuous fields and the treatment of the Rayleigh scattering of phonons. Here one is introducing a point mass into a continuous medium and asking for its effect on the phonon field. The familiar Rayleigh scattering formula is derived, and the author points out that for scattering between modes containing many particles, the transition rate also depends on the state of occupation of the mode into which a phonon is going, which is the familiar stimulated emission. Replacing the point mass by an extended object, such as a grain boundary, and attempting to solve for the phonon scattering is non-trivial and has been the subject of much research. 2. The fermion-boson interaction and the origin of the concept of a "polaron". This arises in the consideration of the interaction of an electron with the optical modes in a polar crystal. The author calculates the self-energy of the fermion in the boson field, and shows it leads to a correction of the relationship between the energy and momentum of the electron, giving the electron an "effective mass". The effective mass is dependent on the mass of the electron and the effective dielectric constant. A polaron is then this "dressed" electron which is "more massive" than the electron because of the electron's interaction with the optical modes. Also, in the context of perturbation theory and the S-matrix, the author eliminates the term in the fermion-boson interaction in order to study purely the properties of the fermion field. This means that the interaction Hamiltonian operates only on the vacuum state for bosons, and thus only excitations of single bosons into and out of the vacuum are considered. This results in an effective interaction between the fermions, due to the exchange of bosons, and this interaction can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the range of momenta. This effective interaction between electrons due to the exchange of virtual phonons is the explanation for superconductivity. The fermion-boson interaction is still of considerable interest in the context of explanations for high-temperature superconductivity. 3. The derivation of the Kubo formula as a first crack at the formulation of transport theory in the quantum realm. The author explains the formula as one that shows that conductivity is an intrinsic property of quantum-mechanical systems, in that the application of a weak electron field will make apparent the time-correlations of the electric current fluctuations in equilibrium. He cautions the reader though that practical calculations may make the use of the Kubo formula problematic. The author returns to the Kubo formula later in his treatment of the spectral representation of the dielectric function, and proves a case of the famous fluctuation-dissipation theorem. A comparison between the Kubo formula shows that dissipation has been expressed in terms of Fourier transform of a two-body time-correlation function which describes the fluctuations in the many-body system. The Kubo formula and its generalizations are still discussed widely in the context of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, quantum transport theory, and the theory of mesoscopic systems. 4. An illustration of the properties of the time-independent Green's function via the consideration of impurity states in a medal. The author introduces a single impurity atom with delta function potential at a fixed point in the metal, and calculates the Green function of the perturbed system in terms of the unperturbed one. The resulting singularities in the Green function motivate the author to consider the role of the strength of the potential, and he shows that for a certain range of this strength, one obtains a bound state or "localized" level. 5. The treatment of the random phase approximation. The author writes the Hamiltonian for an interacting system of fermions in a way that makes the density fluctuations of various wavelengths manifest. Noting the the commutator of the density part with the Hamiltonian results in an intractable problem, he replaces the operator products by expectation values (or ensemble averages for finite temperature). This results in the off-diagonal terms cancelling one another, due to them being randomly out of phase with each other. He then proceeds to solve for the equations of motion of the system, obtaining a dispersion formula for the frequency of a self-consistent excited mode of the system, which he then views as a pole of an approximation to the inverse dielectric function. He mentions, but does not discuss in detail, what this implies for the theory of an electron gas in a metal, namely the phenomenon of dielectric screening and the existence of plasmons. 6. The brief but informative discussion of (zero-temperature) superconductivity. He accounts for the phenomenon by the use of an effective electron-electron interaction which is attractive when the energy difference of the two electron states is small. This interaction is modeled by a small negative constant for momentum transfers between these types of electrons, and zero otherwise. A perturbation calculation then shows that the effect of this interaction is infinite for any pair of electrons with exactly opposite momenta, and thus one obtains a bound state, the famous Cooper pair. The author then goes on to show the existence of an energy gap for the system, thus showing that a superconducting system does not have excitations of vanishingly small energy.
OK intro.......2000-04-27
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Elements of Statistical Mechanics: With an Introduction to Quantum Field Theory and Numerical Simulation
Ivo Sachs , Siddhartha Sen , and James Sexton Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items: ASIN: 0521841984 |
Book Description
This concise introduction to the key concepts and tools of modern statistical mechanics is self-contained. Combining analytical and numerical techniques, it also covers advanced topics such as non-relativistic quantum field theory. After introducing classical analytical techniques, the authors present important numerical methods and a diverse range of applications. Quantum statistical mechanics is then analyzed and applied to topics in astrophysics and cosmology. Combining the authors' many years' experience of teaching courses in this area, this textbook is ideal for advanced students in physics, chemistry and mathematics.
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Elements of Green's Functions and Propagation: Potentials, Diffusion, and Waves (Oxford Science Publications)
G. Barton Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items:
ASIN: 0198519885 |
Book Description
This text takes the student with a background in undergraduate physics and mathematics towards the skills and insights needed for graduate work in theoretical physics. The author uses Green's functions to explore the physics of potentials, diffusion, and waves. These are important phenomenaCustomer Reviews:
Highly accessible and practiacally organized........2005-10-15
Beautifully presents GF for 3 classic equations. Well done!.......1998-10-30
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Finite Element Methods for Engineers
Roger T. Fenner , and Roger T Fenner Manufacturer: Imperial College Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 1860940951 |
Book Description
Professor Fenner's definitive text is now back in print, with added corrections. It serves as an introduction to finite element methods for engineering undergraduates and other students at an equivalent level. Postgraduate and practising engineers will also find it useful if they are comparatively new to finite element methods.The main emphasis is on the simplest methods suitable for solving two-dimensional continuum mechanics problems, particularly those encountered in the fields of stress analysis, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Complete FORTRAN programs are presented, described and discussed in detail, and several practical case studies serve to illustrate the methods developed in the book.
Finite element methods are compared and contrasted with finite difference methods, and throughout the level of computer programming, continuum mechanics, numerical analysis, matrix algebra and other mathematics employed corresponds to that normally covered in undergraduate engineering courses.
Customer Reviews:
Good Book.......2007-01-14
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The Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method
Ante Munjiza Manufacturer: Wiley ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 0470841990 |
Book Description
The combined finite discrete element method is a relatively new computational tool aimed at problems involving static and / or dynamic behaviour of systems involving a large number of solid deformable bodies. Such problems include fragmentation using explosives (e.g rock blasting), impacts, demolition (collapsing buildings), blast loads, digging and loading processes, and powder technology.
Download Description
"The combined finite discrete element method is a relatively new computational tool aimed at problems involving static and / or dynamic behaviour of systems involving a large number of solid deformable bodies. Such problems include fragmentation using explosives (e.g rock blasting), impacts, demolition (collapsing buildings), blast loads, digging and loading processes, and powder technology."
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Elements of Quantum Optics
Pierre Meystre , and Murray Sargent Manufacturer: Springer ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items:
ASIN: 354064220X |
Book Description
Elements of Quantum Optics gives a broad coverage of the basic elements necessary to understand and carry out research in laser physics and quantum optics. It presents a variety of theoretical tools and important results for two-level and semiconductor media, many of which could only be found in the original literature of in specialized monographs up to now. The text revearls the close connection between many seemingly unrelated topics, such as probe absorption, four-wave mixing, optical instabilities, resonance fluorescence and squeezing. The third edition includes new chapters on atom optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics, as well as expanded discussion of quantum mechanics, system-reservoir interactions and second quantization.Customer Reviews:
A pleasant read.......2005-11-06
This book help me finish my Ph. D. disseration in Taiwan.......2000-10-13
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Finite Element and Boundary Element Applications in Quantum Mechanics (Oxford Texts in Applied and Engineering Mathematics)
Ramdas Ram-Mohan Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 0198525222 |
Book Description
This book introduces the finite element and boundary element methods (FEM and BEM) for applications to quantum mechanical systems. A discretization of the action integral with finite elements, followed by application of variational principles, brings a very general approach to the solution of Schroedinger's equation for physical systems in arbitrary geometries with complex mixed boundary conditions. The variational approach is a common thread through the book and is used for the improvement of solutions to spectroscopic accuracy, to adaptively improve finite element meshs, to develop a time-dependent theory, and also to generate the solution of large sparse matrix eigenvalue problems. A thorough introduction to BEM is given using the modelling of surface plasmons, quantum electron waveguides, and quantum scattering as illustrative examples. The book should be useful to graduate students and researchers in basic quantum theory, quantum semiconductor modeling, computational physics, mathematics and chemistry
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Elements of Quantum Mechanics of Infinite Systems (International School for Advanced Studies Lecture Series)
F. Strocchi Manufacturer: World Scientific Pub Co Inc ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 9971978911 |
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Auger transitions between O and 1500 eV for elements up to Z=88
M. E Packer Manufacturer: Institute of Physics ProductGroup: Book Binding: Unknown Binding ASIN: 0854980202 |
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