Book Description
This book offers a concise and up-to-date introduction to the popular field of quantum information. It has originated in a series of invited lecture courses at various universities in different countries. This is reflected in its informal style of exposition and presentation of key results in
the subject. In addition to treating quantum communication, entanglement and algorithms in great depth, this book also addresses a number of interesting miscellaneous topics, such as Maxwell's demon, Landauer's erasure, the Bekenstein bound and Caratheodory's treatment of the Second law of
thermodyanmics. All mathematical derivations are based on clear physical pictures which make even the most involved results--such as the Holevo bound-- look comprehensible and transparent. The book is ideal as a first introduction to the subject, but may also appeal to the specialist due to its
unique presentation.
Book Description
Over the last decade the physics of black holes has been revolutionized by developments that grew out of Jacob Bekenstein's realization that black holes have entropy. Steven Hawking raised profound issues concerning the loss of information in black hole evaporation and the consistency of quantum mechanics in a world with gravity. For two decades these questions puzzled theoretical physicists and eventually led to a revolution in the way we think about space, time, matter and information. This revolution has culminated in a remarkable principle called "The Holographic Principle", which is now a major focus of attention in gravitational research, quantum field theory and elementary particle physics. Leonard Susskind, one of the co-inventors of the Holographic Principle as well as one of the founders of String theory, develops and explains these concepts.
Customer Reviews:
Wonderful exposé!.......2007-03-05
Indeed, I agree with the previous reviewer: this book is certainly not for laymen, however it is a wonderful exposé of the "holographic universe", i.e. information contained not in volumina of objects but in their surfaces, such as black holes, which are maximum-entropy objects. In order to understand the book, you'll need a BSc in physics or mathematics with a keen interest in physics. Knowledge of Einstein's theory of general relativity might be of use, but not strictly neccesary. It's written nicely, it is up to date, and a pleasure to study.
Not for people with just a curiosity for string theory!.......2006-04-07
You will probably need a BA or BS degree in physics for this book to be understandable to you. If you are just curious about string theory then you will be LOST in this book. I have never seen so many physic/math proofs and formulas in my life! It only made me realize how much other people are smarter than myself. Buy Steven Hawking's A Briefer History in Time for a lay person's guide to string theory and other interesting theories if you don't want to spend a gigantic amount of brain power.
Exploring the Holographic Multiverse.......2005-09-01
"Black Holes, Information and the String Theory Revolution: The Holographic Universe"
Lenny and I worked together with Johnny Glogower on quantum phase and time operators at Cornell in 1964 .Lenny's densely mathematical book is not a popular book. It is incomprehensible to the general reader and it is not easy going for the professional theoretical physicist not in the sub-field. However, it has moments of great clarity and if it is wrong, as George Chapline thinks, it is brilliantly wrong. Certainly pieces of Lenny's thesis will survive. So, to really see what the book is about, it's best to read the end of the book first and then go back to the beginning. Lenny emphasizes the key role on nonlocality (e.g. nonlocality of gravity energy?) in black hole complementarity.
"In order to reconcile the equivalence principle with the rules of quantum mechanics the rules of locality must be massively modified."
I like the idea of the blackhole as a string since I already published in 1974 the explanation of the Regge slope alpha' (for strings)
J ~ alpha'E^2
alpha' ~ (1Gev)^-2
as rotating Kerr black hole Wheeler "micro with effective strong gravity G* ~ 10^40G in Herbert Frohlich's "Collective Phenomena". Indeed, that's why Abdus Salam invited me to ICTP Trieste, Italy 1973-74 (e.g. contact Jagdish Mehra).
What will survive is the IR/UV duality. What about LIF/LNIF complementarity? Intriguing. What is completely missing in Lenny's theory is Vacuum ODLRO. For example, Lenny never considers a Bose-Einstein condensate in the vacuum in which there is a macroscopic eigenvalue of the first reduced density matrix. All eigenvalues must be less than 1 in Lenny's theory. Second, Lenny used a positive energy density to derive some of his key results when in fact negative zero point energy density would describe dark matter. Third, Lenny's ADS model has the wrong sign of the actually observed small post-inflation cosmological constant. How fatal this is I do not know yet. Perhaps he analytically continues to the DS model? That is ADS is "dark matter" with negative zero point energy density and positive pressure. DS is "dark energy" with positive zero point energy density and negative pressure. Furthermore, Lenny's equation for p the power of t in the FRW scale factor a(t) ~ t^p breaks down in the most important case, i.e. p -> infinity when w -> -1, which is the case for zero point energy. One nice idea is that the D3 brane of M-theory is the kind of 3+1 space-time we live in with the 6 extra space-time dimensions as "scalar fields". This fits well with Gennady Shipov's torsion field theory extension of 1915 GR. Indeed, if we interpret these scalar fields as vacuum ODLRO Higgs-Goldstone fields associated with the local gauging of the Lorentz group O(1,3) then the vacuum order parameter space is SU(2)xSU(2) consistent with the Hedgehog anomaly centered at Sun seen in the TWO NASA Pioneer Space Probes where a_g = - cH(t). All stars may have this property, i.e. part of stellar formation? Maybe even galaxies have it? That is vacuum ODLRO topological defects as seeds for early galaxy formation explaining galactic halos as well?
He opens up with the math of black holes in different coordinate representations. But you need to remember (or look up) your high school logarithms and the trigonometry formula for the tangent of the half-angle to show from eqs (1.1.2) to (1.1.4) that a signal from the black hole surface horizon never reaches the distant observers. The Penrose diagram makes that instantly obvious of course.
Comment 1
Lenny: "The paradox was discovered by Jacob Bekenstein and turned into a serious crisis by Stephen Hawking. ... Bekenstein realized that if the second law of thermodynamics was not to be violated in the presence of a black hole, the black hole must possess an intrinsic entropy. ... How and why a classical solution of field equations should be endowed with thermodynamical attributes has remained obscure."
Jack: The black hole is a property of Einstein's vacuum equation
Ruv = 0
However, this equation is a c-number emergent field theory from vacuum ODLRO. George Chapline, Jr and I have both arrived at this general idea quite independently. Let the vacuum ODLRO order parameter be
psi = |psi|e^iargpsi
suppress internal symmetry indices, but think of SU(2)hypercharge that has a neutral VEV in the standard model (evidence from NASA Pioneer anomaly a_g = -cH(t) as a hedgehog topological defect centered at Sun).
Let the Einstein-Cartan 1-form be
e = 1 + B
My ansatz is
B = (hG/c^3)^1/2d(argtheta)
with "string" branch cuts in argtheta
Therefore, there is no gravity and inertia when h -> 0 and c -> infinity even when G =/= 0. There is still some residual "normal fluid" fluctuations around the stiff vacuum order parameter psi that obeys the rules of micro-quantum theory as given by Lenny. The ratio of normal to superfluid obviously has a temperature parameter T. Therefore, Lenny's question is answered.
Comment 2
Lenny: "Eventually the black hole must completely evaporate. Hawking then raised the question of what becomes of the quantum correlations between matter outside the black hole and matter that disappears behind the horizon. ... Hawking then made arguments that there is no way, consistent with causality, for the correlations to be carried by the outgoing evaporation products."
Jack: So much the worse for causality, which here means no space-like influences outside the local light cones. Bell's theorem shows that such space-like influences are needed and they are locally random in micro-quantum theory consistent with the blackbody radiation.
Lenny: "Thus, according to Hawking, the existence of black holes inevitably causes a loss of quantum coherence and breakdown of one of the basic principles of quantum mechanics - the evolution of pure states into pure states."
Jack: So much the worse for micro-quantum mechanics. It's time to slaughter that Sacred Cow. Global special relativity of 1905 is violated by the necessity of gravity and inertia in local general relativity of 1915 where it is relegated to a purely local tangent space by the equivalence principle. In the same way micro-quantum mechanics is not complete, but merely corresponds to nonlocally entangled small fluctuations about the stiff macro-quantum vacuum ODLRO coherent order parameter that provides the local fabric of space-time via
B = (hG/c^3)^1/2d(argVacuum ODLRO).
Lenny: "Hawking further argued that once the loss of quantum coherence is permitted in black hole evaporation, it becomes compulsory in all processes involving the Planck scale. The world would behave as if it were in a noisy environment which continuously leads to a loss of coherence. The trouble with this is that there is no known way to destroy coherence without at the same time violating energy conservation by heating the world."
Jack: I need to see the math of the above argument. Why does not the expansion of the universe cool down this alleged heating effect? Also total energy is not necessarily conserved in curved space-time because of the breakdown of time translation symmetry. Presumably the book will explain this argument in more detail. Lenny wants to hold on to micro-quantum unitarity at all costs and I think this is the basic error in his thesis, but I could be wrong. The macro-quantum vacuum ODLRO order parameter does not obey a unitary time evolution. You cannot think of |psi|^2 as a Born quantum probability density like you can for micro-quantum wave functions.
Indeed the space integral of |psi(x)|^2 need not be a constant of the motion at all. For example, you have a pot of superfluid helium at almost T = 0 at t = 0 and then you slowly heat it. As you heat the superfluid it turns to normal fluid completely disappearing at the lambda point. In the case of vacuum ODLRO the "normal fluid" is the dark energy!
Comment 3
Lenny's Chapter 1 implicitly clearly shows why Hal Puthoff's PV alternative to the black hole is not a useful theory for metric engineering the fabric of space-time to reach the stars and other galaxies in a short time through wormholes held open by dark energy. Hal uses isotropic coordinates inside the event horizon where they are not appropriate. He says he can do that because his exponential metric does not have an event horizon. But in that case his solution does not obey Einstein's vacuum GR equation Ruv = 0. Therefore, PV theory conflicts with GR. Indeed, PV theory is not consistent with Diff(4) tensors and therefore, it violates the equivalence principle. In spite of that Hal Puthoff claims he is not offering a theory different from GR but only an "engineer's" way to do it. This, of course, is self-contradictory. Note that in George Chapline's "dark star" theory there is dark energy behind the event horizon, i.e. not Ruv = 0, but the same equation I use
Guv + /\zpfguv = 0
We do seem to need Gennady Shipov's torsion field beyond 1915 GR to allow
/\zpf^,v =/= 0 at the event horizon boundary because the Bianchi identities without torsion demand /\zpf^,v = 0.
Jack Sarfatti
Easy to understand - very simple, no-nonsense style........2005-07-06
The title of the book reminds me of the classic physics question: yes, this equation can be expanded for small values of the parameter. But before you whip out that expansion, first tell me what "small" means in this context?
I would venture to say that the title of the book is a misnomer on some level. This is a technical book, there's no question about that. If you are not a physicist, you will not understand a single page. When I say "technical", what I specifically mean is you should have:
* A course on general relativity. The first page dumps the Schwarzschild metric on you. You should be familiar with, say, the Faraday tensor (which any decent GR or even SR course should cover).
* A course on quantum field theory. The book very quickly goes into the massless free Klein-Gordon equation in a Schwarzschild background. You should know the basics of string theory. After all, that's what the book is partially about!
* A course on thermo/statistical mechanics. The book delves into black hole entropy. Be prepared to blow the dust off your partition functions.
In that sense, this book is not an introduction, and is CERTAINLY not for the layperson. Now that I've disparaged this book enough, I'll tell you why this is a phenomenal book that deserves a place on your bookshelf (again, for certain values of "you").
This book is a gentle introduction to the classical and quantum mechanical principles of blackholes. It was beautifully written. It may very well be one of my favorite books. When I say "beautiful", I don't mean beautiful like Wald's classic but impenetrable book on GR. Imagine David Griffiths or Matt Visser writing a book for mid-level grad students going into high energy physics. They go deeply into the different coordinates used for blackhole spacetimes and Penrose diagrams, but in a hand-holding way that emphasizes knowing-by-visualization rather than knowing-by-calculation. Yes, the calculations are all there, but the authors are not content with that. They go into the nitty-gritty type of understanding that seems to be absent in most books on this subject.
Which brings me to the next point: diagrams. This book may contain more diagrams than any other comprable book I've seen (except for the behemoth called "Gravitation", but with the case of the telephone book, half the diagrams are wasteful; do we REALLY need to see a picture of firecracker's world line or yet another picture of Newton?). The diagrams are numerous and effective. Kudos. I wish more authors paid as much attention to visualization.
The authors took a very difficult subject and wrote an extremely accessible and well written book on it. If you are a student of high energy physics, or simply want to see someone masterfully write on the subject, this book deserves a place on your bookshelf. Again, for certain values of "you".
I'm still in the process of reading this book, but one fault I can find is that I wish the index was a bit more extensive. However, that's small-fry compared to what makes this book great.
Define "Introduction".......2005-05-06
If you're into reading about physics but don't have the maths to back it up, this isn't the book for you. This "introduction" is probably aimed at university physics students. I am without a university physics education and am finding the book almost as hard as reading a Japanese newspaper. As with reading a Japanese newspaper, the pictures help a lot. I don't feel I'm getting enough to "rate" the book, but I can warn others as innumerate as myself.
Update: I've made it ~halfway through. There's a great deal of uncertainty as to what I'm actually understanding as opposed to what I'm just filling-in with intuitive fictions. But I can live with that (as we all must at some point).
Book Description
Recently, quantum information theory has been developing through a fusion of results from various research fields. This requires that understanding of basic results on diverse topics, and derived from different disciplinary perspectives, is required for appreciating the overall picture. Intended to merge key topics from both the information-theoretic and quantum- mechanical viewpoints, this graduate-level textbook provides a unified viewpoint of quantum information theory and lucid explanations of those basic results, so that the reader fundamentally grasps advances and challenges. For example, advanced topics in quantum communication such as quantum teleportation, superdense coding, quantum state transmission (quantum error-correction), and quantum encryption especially benefit from this unified approach. Unlike earlier treatments, the text requires knowledge of only linear algebra, probability theory, and quantum mechanics, while it treats the topics of quantum hypothesis testing and the discrimination of quantum states, and quantum channel coding (message transmission) with the minimal amount of math needed to convey their essence. Solving the more than 240 exercises provides readers with practice that not only enriches their knowledge of quantum information theory, but also can equip them with the techniques necessary for pursuing their own research in this field.
Customer Reviews:
Not an introduction at all, but very impressive.......2006-11-11
This book is an apparently very good translation from a previous Japanese version. It is packed with extremely technical results perhaps not available elsewhere. The title is rather deceptive. It is not by any means an introduction to the topic.
Book Description
Quantum information and computation is a rapidly expanding and cross-disciplinary subject. This book gives a self-contained introduction to the field for physicists, mathematicians and computer scientists who want to know more about this exciting subject. After a step-by-step introduction to the quantum bit (qubit) and its main properties, the author presents the necessary background in quantum mechanics. The core of the subject, quantum computation, is illustrated by a detailed treatment of three quantum algorithms: Deutsch, Grover and Shor. The final chapters are devoted to the physical implementation of quantum computers, including the most recent aspects, such as superconducting qubits and quantum dots, and to a short account of quantum information. Written at a level suitable for undergraduates in physical sciences, no previous knowledge of quantum mechanics is assumed, and only elementary notions of physics are required. The book includes many short exercises, with solutions available to instructors through solutions@cambridge.org.
Customer Reviews:
A Masterly Introduction to Quantum Computing.......2007-05-29
Beautiful!
This book requires an elementary understanding of quantum mechanics, linear algebra and Hilbert Spaces.
However given that elementary understanding, it leads one gently, clear step by clear step, to understanding what the excitenment is all about.
This is teaching by a master teacher. Very little superfluous. Some treats like the brief and compelling derivation of the Schroedinger Equation from linearity and unitarity.
The exercises are an integral part of the presentation. Do not skip them. If you are understanding the material, each takes one or two minutes and adds to your comprehension and preparedness for what is to come. If you find yourself struggling, you need to pull out one of your old textbooks and review.
If you studied physics ever at a graduate level and want to know why quantum computing and cryptography are so important, this book will give you the key.
It is a gift. Enjoy and learn.
Book Description
In the 1990's it was realized that quantum physics has some spectacular applications in computer science. This book is a concise introduction to quantum computation, developing the basic elements of this new branch of computational theory without assuming any background in physics. It begins with an introduction to the quantum theory from a computer-science perspective. It illustrates the quantum-computational approach with several elementary examples of quantum speed-up, before moving to the major applications: Shor's factoring algorithm, Grover's search algorithm, and quantum error correction. The book is intended primarily for computer scientists who know nothing about quantum theory, but will also be of interest to physicists who want to learn the theory of quantum computation, and philosophers of science interested in quantum foundational issues. It evolved during six years of teaching the subject to undergraduates and graduate students in computer science, mathematics, engineering, and physics, at Cornell University.
Book Description
At the turning of the millennium, a switch in computing technology is forecasted and looked for. Two main directions of research, both based on quite unconventional ideas are most promising - quantum computing and molecular computing. In the last few years, both of these methods have been intensely investigated. The present book is the first "friendly" presentation of basic ideas in these exciting areas. The style is rigorous, but without entering into excessive technicalities. Equal attention is paid to the main practical results reported so far and the main theoretical developments. The book is written for the educated layman and is self-contained, including all the necessary facts from mathematics, computer science, biology and quantum mechanics.
Average customer rating:
- Friendly
- Not for a Computer Scientist or Mathematician
- what I was looking for.
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An Introduction to Quantum Computing Algorithms (Progress in Computer Science and Applied Logic (PCS))
Arthur O. Pittenger
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An Introduction to Quantum Computing
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Quantum Computing (Natural Computing Series)
ASIN: 0817641270 |
Book Description
The purpose of this monograph is to provide the mathematically literate reader with an accessible introduction to the theory of quantum computing algorithms, one component of a fascinating and rapidly developing area which involves topics from physics, mathematics, and computer science. The author briefly describes the historical context of quantum computing and provides the motivation, notation, and assumptions appropriate for quantum statics, a non-dynamical, finite dimensional model of quantum mechanics. This model is then used to define and illustrate quantum logic gates and representative subroutines required for quantum algorithms. A discussion of the basic algorithms of Simon and of Deutsch and Jozsa sets the stage for the presentation of Grover's search algorithm and Shor's factoring algorithm, key algorithms which crystallized interest in the practicality of quantum computers. A group theoretic abstraction of Shor's algorithms completes the discussion of algorithms. The last third of the book briefly elaborates the need for error-correction capabilities and then traces the theory of quantum error-correcting codes from the earliest examples to an abstract formulation in Hilbert space. This text is a good self-contained introductory resource for newcomers to the field of quantum computing algorithms, as well as a useful self-study guide for the more specialized scientist, mathematician, graduate student, or engineer. Readers interested in following the ongoing developments of quantum algorithms will benefit particularly from this presentation of the notation and basic theory. Series: Progress in Computer Science and Applied Logic, Volume 19 Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1. Quantum Statics 1.1 Context 1.2 Experimental motivation for quantum mechanics 1.3 The basic model 1.4 The basic example: spin-1/2 particles 1.5 Dirac notation 1.6 Unitary transformations 2. Basics of Quantum Computation 2.1 Qubits and tensor products 2.2 The basic strategy of quantum algorithms 2.3 Quantum gates 2.4 Quantum subroutines: addition on a quantum computer 2.5 Quantum subroutines: a teleportation circuit 3. Quantum Algorithms 3.1 Deutsch-Josza algorithm 3.2 Simon's algorithm 3.3 Grover's algorithm 3.4 Shor's algorithm: factoring N=15 3.5 Shor's algorithm: factoring N=pq 3.6 The finite Fourier transform 3.7 Eigenvalues in quantum algorithms 3.8 Group theory and quantum algorithms 4. Quantum Error-Correcting Codes 4.1 Quantum dynamics and decoherence 4.2 Error correction 4.3 Shor's nine qubit error-correcting code 4.4 A seven qubit error-correcting code 4.5 A five qubit error-correction code 4.6 Stabilizers and the five qubit code 4.7 Theoretical aspects of stabilizer codes 4.8 CSS codes 4.9 Abstract quantum error correction 4.10 Further aspects of quantum error-correcting codes Afterword References Index
Customer Reviews:
Friendly.......2003-01-12
A handful of good introductions to ideas in quantum computing have appeared in the past two years. The present one stands out in being both friendly and brief. There is no way into the subject, getting around the fundamentals in quantum physics and in math. Through this little book, an uninitiated reader can get some insight into the ideas of Deutsch-Jozsa, and the algorithms of Peter Shor and Lov Grover. The author does his job, as well as any, and the book is pleasant reading.
Not for a Computer Scientist or Mathematician.......2002-02-20
who don't have a strong background in Physics. The first "basic" example is a particle spin interaction that displays quantum entanglement. Well, maybe that's easy for a physics major, but a math and computer science major will be totally clueless! It assumes too much quantum physics for non-physics people, myself included. Quantum Computing by Mika Hirvensalo is a much better starting point for these who have traditional background in math and computer science. Also, if you want to build a good intuition about quantum systems before doing algorithms, QED by Richard Feynman would be a good reading for the same audience.
what I was looking for........2000-09-09
Do a search for "quantum computing" on amazon and you'll find a lot of duff books. I wanted an exposition that begins with the simplest possible mathematics and the least possible necessary background in quantum theory, and progresses nicely into being able to comprehend papers in the field. Here it is. All you need to carry around with this is a nice, rigorous linear algebra text (I recommend FIS). Word 'em up.
Book Description
This book is based on a lecture series held at Hewlett-Packard Labs, Basic Research Institute in the Mathematical Sciences (BRIMS), Bristol from November 1996 to April 1997, and also includes other contributions.
Customer Reviews:
A very nice introduction dealing with many important topics.......2006-03-02
This book is now somewhat dated, but contains chapters by several workers who laid the foundation of the subject. The book is certainly not only one for beginners, as the contributors have done a very good job at getting to the heart of their topics.
pedagogical.......2000-04-06
Very pedagogical and useful for beginners
Customer Reviews:
Heisenburg Variables .......2007-04-20
This book would be great for somebody brilliant with lots of time or somebody who already knows While QM is hard, it doesn't need to be this hard. For anybody who may decide to write text books, don't change variables or function names mid-stream without telling the reader. I don't care if your publisher has a page limit or if you just like being obtuse, or if you're lazy. Don't do it. It only gratifies your ego, and your readers will never meet you, so it isn't even gratifying.
Park asks that the reader fill in the gaps in his math. If there were no errors, no variable changes, and physics students weren't already busy, it would actually be a nice way to pick all this up. I could even go for 2 of three. Many special topics get covered in this book with lots of explanation, but much of the meat and potatoes like operators get short shrift. On the plus side, it's a Dover edition, so if you want a cheap challenge, knock yourself out. I did.
Excellent upper-level undergraduate textbook.......2006-11-28
I used this book when I taught upper-level undergraduate quantum mechanics. My students loved it. What makes it unique is that, in addition to the standard sections common to all QM textbooks, Park included at Part II some applications to the theory given in Part I. The applications are not just simple computations to illustrate the theory, but real world situations that showed physicists why QM was in the correct direction. For instance, after reading Chapter 4 (Physics in one dimension), students could use its theory to work the problem of alpha decay (the discovery of quantum tunneling by George Gamow) shown in Part II. I find this book to be a gem. It is, of course, not as detailed and mathematically formal as Cohen-Tannoudji, but it is a great textbook for upper-level undergraduate courses.
I included below the table of contents to give an idea about the book and its applications part.
Part I. Theory
1. Beyond Classical Physics
2. The Physical Content of the Wave Function
3. General Principles
4. Physics in One Dimension
5. Hermitian Operators, Symmetry, and Angular Momentum
6. Systems in Two and Three Dimensions
7. Approximate Methods of Calculation
8. The Theory of Scattering
9. Spin and Isospin
10. Questions of Physical Meaning
11. Electromagnetic Radiation
12. Systems Containing Identical Particles
13. Classical Dynamics and Feynman's Construction
II. Applications
14. The Theory of Alpha Decay
15. Electrons in a Periodic Lattice
16. The Hydrogen Spectrum
17. The Helium Atom
18. Interactive Forces
19. The Neutron-Proton Interaction
20. The Quark Model of Baryons
Books:
- Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd Edition)
- Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd Edition)
- Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd Edition)
- Introduction to the Finite Element Method
- Introduction to the Theory of Neural Computation (Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity)
- Introduction to Transportation Engineering
- Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics: Volume 2B: Bayesian Inference (Arnold Publication)
- Lasers and Optical Fibers in Medicine (Physical Techniques in Biology and Medicine)
- Little, Brown Essential Handbook, The (5th Edition)
- Many-Particle Physics (Physics of Solids and Liquids)
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Quantum Information: An Overview
Protecting Information: From Classical Error Correction to Quantum Cryptography
Quantum Computer Science: An Introduction
Quantum Information: An Introduction
